Table 5.
Antioxidant activities of extracts from A. minus.
| Extracts | DPPH | ABTS | β-Carotene |
|---|---|---|---|
| EC50 (mg/mL) | TEAC (mmol/L Trolox) |
AAC | |
| Arc L MeOH | 0.060 ± 0.004 a,b | 1.546 ± 0.16 c,d,e (0.5 mg/mL) 0.923 ± 0.09 1,2 (0.25 mg/mL) |
1422,47 ± 76.85 d (30. min) 911.53 ± 50.63 4 (60. min) 667.11 ± 69.89 v (90. min) |
| Arc L CH2Cl2 | 1.196 ± 0.004 c | 1.08 ± 0.07 a,b (0.5 mg/mL) 0.852 ± 0.03 1,2 (0.25 mg/mL) |
1161.86 ± 38.64 a,b,c (30. min) 571.55 ± 36.02 1,2 (60. min) 314.58 ± 49.65 ı (90 min) |
| Arc L EtOAc | 0.019 ± 0.001 a | 2.041 ± 0,12 g (0.5 mg/mL) 1.425 ± 0.05 3 (0.25 mg/mL) |
1193.86 ± 91.66 a,b,c,d (30. min) 666.53 ± 67.40 1,2,3 (60. min) 538.95 ± 84.11 ıı,ııı,ıv (90. min) |
| Arc L BuOH | 0.048 ± 0.001 a,b | 1.54 ± 0.1 c,d,e (0.5 mg/mL) 1.099 ± 0.08 1,2,3 (0.25 mg/mL) |
1204.12 ± 49.73 a,b,c,d (30. dk) 635.32 ± 54.49 1,2,3 (60. min) 487.95 ± 42.69 ı,ıı,ııı (90. min) |
| Arc L Aqua | 0.383 ± 0.014 d | 1.526 ± 0.14 c,d,e (0.5 mg/mL)
1.131 ± 0.08 1,2,3 (0.25 mg/mL) |
1232.36 ± 101.37 a,b,c,d (30. min) 795.13 ± 46.93 3,4 (60. min) 581.38 ± 86.34 ııı,ıv,v (90. min) |
| Arc F MeOH | 0.088 ± 0.004 b | 1.718 ± 0.1 e,f (0.5 mg/mL) 1.513 ± 0.06 3 (0.25 mg/mL) |
1350.89 ± 73.55 b,c,d (30. min) 807.67 ± 58.41 4 (60. min) 627.37 ± 76.94 v (90. min) |
| Arc F CH2Cl2 | 1.019 ± 0.014 e | 1.641 ± 0.09 d,e,f (0.5 mg/mL) 1.469 ± 0.08 3 (0.25 mg/mL) |
1324.03 ± 88.61 b,c,d (30. min) 849.81 ± 68.04 2,3,4 (60. min) 681.21 ± 35.80 ıı,ııı,ıv (90 min) |
| Arc F EtOAc | 0.005 ± 0.001 a | 2.575 ± 0.1 h (0.5 mg/mL) 2.512 ± 0.1 4 (0.25 mg/mL) |
1397.47 ± 88.61 c,d (30. min) 849.81 ± 68.04 4 (60. min) 681.21 ± 35.80 v (90. min) |
| Arc F BuOH | 0.043 ± 0.003 a,b | 1.373 ± 0.05 b,c,d (0.5 mg/mL) 0.857 ± 0.02 1,2 (0.25 mg/mL) |
1223.33 ± 105.85 a,b,c,d (30. min) 648.42 ± 69.39 1,2,3 (60. min) 441.45 ± 29.94 ı,ıı (90. min) |
| Arc F Aqua | 0.383 ± 0.014 d | 1.040 ± 0.06 a (0.5 mg/mL) 0.77 ± 0.02 1 (0.25 mg/mL) |
1158.45 ± 84.29 a,b,c,d (30. min) 596.40 ± 66.81 1,2 (60. min) 378.75 ± 31.43 ı (90. min) |
| Arc R MeOH | 0.454 ± 0.018 f | 1.327 ± 0.08 a,b (0.5 mg/mL) 0.950 ± 0.031,2 (0.25 mg/mL) |
1076.80 ± 111.41 a,b (30. min) 562.84 ± 71.79 1 (60. min) 357.83 ± 29.98 ı (90. min) |
| Arc R CH2Cl2 | 0.630 ± 0.056 g | 1.349 ± 0.07 a,b,c (0.5 mg/mL) 1.181 ± 0.06 1,2,3 (0.25 mg/mL) |
1177.45 ± 131.27 a,b,c,d (30. min) 638.01 ± 57.17 1,2,3 (60. min) 430.19 ± 84.33 ı,ıı (90. min) |
| Arc R EtOAc | 0.042 ± 0.00 a,b | 2.51 ± 0.09 h (0.5 mg/mL) 2.289 ± 0.014 (0.25 mg/mL) |
1350.77 ± 138.64 b,c,d (30. min) 853.87 ± 87.73 4 (60. min) 657.57 ± 102.74 ıv,v (90. min) |
| Arc R BuOH | 1.126 ± 0.019 h | 1.737 ± 0.06 f g (0.5 mg/mL) 1.249 ± 0.04 2,3(0.25 mg/mL) |
1112.40 ± 133.77 a,b,c (30. min) 592.89 ± 82.68 1,2 (60. min) 468.84 ± 69.53 ı,ıı (90. min) |
| Arc R Aqua | 0.711 ± 0.049 ı | 1.199 ± 0.08 a (0.5 mg/mL) 0.845 ± 0.02 1,2 (0.25 mg/mL) |
986.98 ± 189.82 a,d (30. min) 590.26 ± 44.39 1,2 (60. min) 380.08 ± 22.10 ı (90. min) |
| BHA | 0.007 ± 0.001 a | 2.34 ± 0.17 h (0.5 mg/mL) 1.23 ± 0.06 2,3 (0.25 mg/mL) |
1353.47 ± 45.57 b,c,d (30. min) 1201.41 ± 35.54 5 (60. min) 1085.59 ± 65.75 vı (90. min) |
| BHT | 0.008 ± 0.001 a | 1.89 ± 0.08 f,g (0.5 mg/mL) 1.23 ± 0.06 2,3 (0.25 mg/mL) |
1479.26 ± 130.89 d (30. min) 1213.43 ± 55.55 5 (60. min) 1148.99 ± 42.38 vı (90. min) |
Values expressed as mean ± standard error (n = 3), statistical analysis by Tukey comparison test. Bars with the same lower case letters (a–g), numbers (1–4), and symbols (ı-vı) are not significantly (p > 0.05) different. Arc L MeOH = methanol extract of A. minus leaf, Arc L CH2Cl2 = dichloromethane extract of A. minus leaf, Arc L EtOAc = ethyl acetate extract of A. minus leaf, Arc L BuOH = butanol extract of A. minus leaf, Arc L Aqua = water extracts of A. minus leaf, Arc F MeOH = methanol extract of A. minus flower head, Arc F CH2Cl2 = dichloromethane extract of A. minus flower head, Arc F EtOAc = ethyl acetate extract of A. minus flower head, Arc F BuOH = butanol extract of A. minus flower head, Arc F Aqua = water extracts of A. minus flower head, Arc R MeOH = methanol extract of A. minus root, Arc R CH2Cl2 = dichloromethane extract of A. minus root, Arc R EtOAc = ethyl acetate extract of A. minus root, Arc R BuOH = butanol extract of A. minus root, Arc R Aqua = water extract of A. minus root.