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. 2022 Sep 21;10(10):2353. doi: 10.3390/biomedicines10102353

Table 1.

Use of HFNC in children with bronchiolitis.

Reference Study Design Study Population Comparison Main Findings
Franklin et al. [11] RCT 1472 patients < 12 months with bronchiolitis HFNC vs. COT

  1. Lower treatment failure rate in children treated with HFNC

  2. No difference in the length of hospital stay
Kepreotes et al. [14] RCT 202 patients < 24 months with moderate bronchiolitis HFNC vs. COT

  1. Similar duration of oxygen therapy in the two groups

  2. 61% of children who experienced failure in treatment with COT were rescued with HFNC
Lin et al. [12] Systematic review 2121 patients with bronchiolitis HFNC vs. other oxygen therapies (COT, CPAP)

  1. Lower treatment failure in HFNC group than COT

  2. Higher treatment failure in HFNC if compared with nasal CPAP

  3. No differences in length of stay, duration of oxygen supplementation, or transfer to PICU among the three groups
Dafydd et al. [13] Systematic review and meta-analysis 1159 children up to 24 months of age with bronchiolitis HFNC vs. other oxygen therapies (COT, nCPAP)

  1. Lower treatment failure in HFNC then COT

  2. Similar therapeutic failure and intubation rates with HFNC and nCPAP
Moreel et al. [15] Meta-analysis 213 infants < 24 months HFNC vs. nCPAP

  1. Similar failure rates with HFNC and CPAP in two RCTs

  2. A third RCT comprising a larger cohort of patients showed a statistically higher failure rate in the HFNC-treated group

COT, conventional oxygen therapy; nCPAP, nasal continuous positive airway pressure; HFNC, high flow nasal cannula; PICU, pediatric intensive care unit; RCT, randomized controlled trial.