Figure 4.

Effects of TNFα in vivo. Untreated or TNFα-treated luciferase-tagged BCSC2 were injected orthotopically in both mammary pads of NOD-SCID mice. (A) Tumor growth curve over time (n = 6/group). Data represents mean ± SEM; **** p < 0.0001 by 2-way ANOVA. (B) Representative bioluminescent images of the tumor-bearing mice 6.5 weeks post transplantation. (C,D) Excised tumors of the mice from the two experimental group (n = 6/group). Scale bars, 5 mm. (E) Mice that received TNFα-treated BCSC2 showed increased Ki67-positive cells (n = 5/group). (F) Ki67 staining of the tumor tissues (n = 5/group). Scale bars, 7.5 µm. Data represents mean ± SEM; * p < 0.05 by two-tailed, unpaired Student’s t-test.