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. 2022 Oct 17;11(10):2041. doi: 10.3390/antiox11102041

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© 2022 by the authors.

Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

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ROS production from oxidative stress. Locations at which ROS are produced. There are several distinct locations within a cell that are capable of producing ROS. The vast majority of them may be found in the mitochondrial surroundings. Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate (GAPDH), diacylglycerol:acyltransferase (DGAT), diacylglycerol (DAG), triacylglycerol (TAG), peroxynitrite (ONOO⁻), nitric oxide (NO), protein kinase C (PKC), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione (GSH), GSH/oxidized glutathione (GSSH), electron transport chain (ETC), inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS).