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. 2022 Oct 9;11(10):1380. doi: 10.3390/antibiotics11101380

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© 2022 by the authors.

Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

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(A) Typical reactions catalyzed by plant type III PKSs. (B) Main skeleton types of plant-derived flavonoid compounds. (C) Biosynthetic pathway of flavonoid antimicrobial agent baicalin. CHS, chalcone syntheses; BPS, benzophenone synthase; 2-PS, 2-pyrone syntheses; PCS, pentaketide chromone synthase; BAS, benzalacetone synthase; PAL, phenylalanine ammonia lyase; CH4, cinnamic acid 4-hydroxylase; 4CL, 4-coumarin CoA ligase; CHS, chalcone synthase; CHI, chalcone isomerase; IFS, isoflavone synthase; FNS, flavone synthase; F3H, flavanone 3-hydroxylase; DFR, dihydroflavonol 4-reductase; FLS, flavonol synthase; ANS, anthocyanidin synthase; LCR, leucoanthocyanidin reductase; SbCLL-7, cinnamate CoA ligase; SbCHS-2, pinocembrin chalcone synthase; SbFNS II-2, flavone synthase; SbF6H, flavone 6 hydroxylase; UGAT, UDP-glucuronic acid transferase [188,204].