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. 2022 Sep 20;11(10):1851. doi: 10.3390/antiox11101851

Figure 3.

Figure 3

QAE inhibits proinflammatory cytokine expression in LPS-stimulated BV2 microglial cells. BV2 microglial cells were preincubated with QAE (25–100 μg/mL) for 3 h, and subsequently exposed to LPS (100 ng/mL) for (a) 12 h or (b) 8 h. (a) Level of proinflammatory cytokine production. The production of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin (IL)-1β, and IL-6 in conditioned media was determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (n = 4). (b) mRNA expression of proinflammatory cytokines. Relative mRNA expression of TNF-α (TNF), IL-1β (IL1B), IL-6 (IL6), and monocyte chemoattracted protein-1 (MCP-1) (CCL2) was measured by RT-qPCR, and normalized by GAPDH expression of each sample (n = 3). Significant versus control, *** p < 0.001; Significant versus LPS alone-treated group, ## p < 0.01, ### p < 0.001.