Table 2.

Description of included studies. Q = journal impact factor quartile, study arms: number of treatments considered in the study.

First Author	Nationality	Journal	Q	Study Arms	Treatment	Nonsmokers	Cigarette Smokers	e-Smoke/Other
Alqahtani 2019 [50]	Saudi Arabia and USA	Photodiagnosis and photodynamic therapy	Q3	2	Mechanical debridement (MD) with adjunct antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT)	16	17	32 waterpipe users
					Mechanical debridement (MD)	16	17	32 waterpipe users
Alqahtani 2019 [51]	Saudi Arabia, Pakistan and USA	Clinical Implant Dentistry and Related Research	Q1	2	Mechanical debridement (MD) with adjunctive probiotic therapy (PT) (ALL PIM)	20	20	0
					Mechanical debridement (MD) (ALL PIM)	20	20	0
Javed 2016 [52]	Saudi Arabia and USA	Photodiagnosis and photodynamic therapy	Q3	2	Mechanical debridement (MD) with adjunct antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT) (ALL PIM)	40	41	0
					Mechanical debridement (MD) (ALL PIM)	42	43	0
Al Deeb 2020 [53]	Saudi Arabia	Photodiagnosis and photodynamic therapy	Q3	1	Full-mouth mechanical debridement with adjunctive methylene blue-mediated PDT	25	25 cs + 25 e-smokers /vapers	25
Fernandes-Costa 2019 [54]	Brazil	Clinical Implant Dentistry and Related Research	Q1	1	Peri-implant supportive therapy (ALL PIM)	103 (implants)	28 (implants)	0
Machtei 2020 [55]	Europe, North America, Asia	Journal of periodontology	Q1	2	subgingival debridement (baseline and 12 weeks) + biweekly implant surface debridement and chlorexidine gluconate 2.5 mg chip (CHX chips) for 12 weeks	118	13	0
					subgingival debridement (baseline and 12 weeks) + biweekly implant surface debridement for 12 weeks	121	11	0
C.M de Waal 2015 [56]	Netherlands	Clinical Oral implants research	Q1	1	resective surgery + mechanical debridement and chemical decontamination of the implant surface	53	24	0