Table 1.
Baseline characteristics of patients with COVID-19 according to the disease severity.
| Non-Severe COVID-19 | Severe COVID-19 | p-Value | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age, years | 61 (51–69) | 62 (50–68) | 0.590 |
| Male sex, % | 47 | 53 | 0.400 |
| Body mass index, kg/m² | 28.2 (4.8) | 30.6 (5.4) | <0.001 |
| Waist circumference, cm | 98.4 (14.8) | 107.1 (17.3) | <0.001 |
| Comorbidities | |||
| Diabetes, % | 14 | 26 | 0.037 |
| Hypertension, % | 53 | 57 | 0.516 |
| COPD, % | 6 | 3 | 0.584 |
| Liver diseases, % | 4 | 5 | 0.439 |
| Malignancy, % | 4 | 2 | 0.610 |
| Laboratory data | |||
| WBC, 10³/µL | 5.39 (4.1–6.94) | 5.39 (4.3–8.07) | 0.313 |
| Neutrophiles, 10³/µL | 4.0 (1.9) | 4.9 (2.9) | 0.012 |
| Lymphocytes, 10³/µL | 0.98 (0.47) | 0.84 (0.4) | 0.031 |
| Monocytes, 10³/µL | 0.40 (0.2) | 0.33 (0.19) | 0.025 |
| RBC, 10⁶/µL | 4.58 (0.55) | 4.61 (0.45) | 0.740 |
| Hemoglobin, g/dL | 13.5 (1.5) | 13.7 (1.3) | 0.290 |
| Hematocrit, % | 39.7 (4.3) | 40.0 (3.7) | 0.629 |
| Platelets, 10³/µL | 207 (81) | 215 (77) | 0.522 |
| C-reactive protein, mg/L | 68.95 (32.2–128) | 91 (47.4–158) | <0.001 |
| IL-6, pg/mL | 30.7 (12.3–61) | 32.5 (11.1–62.1) | 0.836 |
| Procalcitonin, ng/mL | 0.09 (0.05–0.18) | 0.11 (0.06–0.22) | <0.001 |
| Ferritin, µg/L | 689 (419–1162] | 878 (540–1486) | <0.001 |
| D-dimer, mg/L | 0.7 (0.5–1.3) | 0.77 (0.54–1.17) | 0.535 |
| LDH, U/I | 348 (278–419) | 378 (311–501) | <0.001 |
| ALT, U/I | 37 (26–56) | 42.5 (27–61) | 0.033 |
| AST, U/I | 48 (35–66) | 53 (40–74) | 0.003 |
| GGT, U/I | 47 (28–87) | 58 (37–107) | 0.001 |
| Alkaline phosphatase, U/I | 59 (48–77) | 62 (48–80) | 0.568 |
| Bilirubin, µmol/L | 7.1 (3.2) | 7.0 (3.0) | 0.696 |
| Glucose, mmol/L | 6.56 (5.28–8.26) | 7.16 (6.24–9.09) | <0.001 |
| HbA1c, % | 5.9 (5.6–6.3) | 6.0 (5.7–6.5) | 0.012 |
| Albumin, g/L | 38.5 (3.8) | 36.2 (3.2) | <0.001 |
| Creatinine, µmol/L | 75 (63.3–94.4) | 77.9 (63.8–98) | 0.322 |
| eGFR, mL/min/L,73 m² | 89 (67–90) | 87.5 (67–90) | 0.623 |
The results are shown as means (SD), medians (IQR) or percentages. COVID-19, coronavirus disease 2019; COPD, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; WBC, white blood cells; RBC, red blood cells; Il-6, interleukin 6; LDH, lactate dehydrogenase; ALT, alanine aminotransferase; AST, aspartate aminotransferase; GGT, gamma glutamyltransferase; HbA1c, glycated hemoglobin; eGFR, estimated glomerular filtration rate.