Table 2.

Stroke models in vitro: comparison of spheroids and organoids, in terms of culture and their advantages and disadvantages.

	Cellular Source	Culture Conditions	Advantages	Disadvantages
Spheroids	Differentiated cells, multicellular mixture, primary cells	Cultures with or without ECM and growth factors, self-assemble on heterogenous sphere format	○Allow co-culture ○Cost-effective ○No expensive material ○Create a gradient of pH, nutrients, and gas ○Quick preparation, easy to maintain, suitable for HTS	○Can be heterogeneous ○Fragile structure ○Complications with drug testing due to different gradients and density within the whole spheroid
Organoids	Only stem cells: embryonic, adult, or pluripotent	Require ECM and growth factors, self-assemble with different cell lineages, resembling the structure and function of an organ	○Allow co-culture ○Reproduction of cell–cell and cell–ECM interactions ○Stable for long-term maintenance	○Expensive ○Require special equipment ○Low reproducibility ○Matrix dictates therapeutic response ○Not suitable for HTS