Figure 1.

Effect of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) on human pathologic events [12,13,14,15,16,17]. In cancer, metastasis, angiogenesis, and tumor growth are affected by upregulated MMP-7, -8, -10, and -14 activity. Myocardial remodeling and extracellular matrix (ECM) destructions occur in cardiovascular disease by increased MMP-2 and -9 activity. Neuronal injury and disruption of the blood–brain barrier is caused by elevated MMP-1, -2, -3, -7 and -9 activity in neurodegenerative disease. Additionally, in the eye, increased MMP-9 activity affects ocular surface disorder, which can cause dry eye and surface inflammatory change. Furthermore, increased MMP-9 activity can cause retinal ganglion cell death in the retina. Decreased MMP-2 and -9 activity can disrupt homeostasis of intraocular pressure (IOP) in trabecular meshwork.