TABLE 2.
Altered metabolites in different treatment groups
| Treatment groupsa | Immunoregulatory metabolites (↑)b | Proinflammatory metabolites (↓)c |
|---|---|---|
| Def + EcN + TRP + HIFM + VirHRV | Acetylserotonin, aminobenzoic acid, arginine, γ-butyrobetaine, biliverdin, cytidine-5′-monophosphate, cytidine, deoxythymidine, eicosanoids glycerophosethanolamine, hypoxanthine, inosine, leukotriene, phytosphingosine, presqualene diphosphate, retinoyl glucuronide, sphinganine, tetrahydropteroyldiglutamate (folic acid), trienoic acid, xanthine, | Acetylputrescine, adenosylhomocysteine, coproporphyrinogen, phenylalanine, phenylacetylglycine, urobilinogen |
| Def + EcN + HIFM + VirHRV | Acetylserotonin, acetyl glucosamine, gentisic acid/glycocholate/glycocholic acid, heme, methylacetoacetyl-CoA | Coproporphyrinogen, phenylalanine, urobilinogen |
| Def + TRP + HIFM + VirHRV | Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide, palmitoylcarnitine, retinoyl glucuronide | Coproporphyrinogen, phenylalanine, urobilinogen |
a
Gnotobiotic (Gn) pigs were transplanted with human infant fecal microbiota (HIFM) at 4 days of age, post-HIFM transplantation day (PBTD) 0. Pigs were fed a deficient (Def) and/or sufficient (Suf) diet. Pigs were supplemented orally with E. coli Nissle (EcN) 1917 and/or tryptophan (TRP) at PBTD7, subsequently challenged with virulent human rotavirus (VirHRV) at PBTD9-10/postchallenge day (PCD) 0, and euthanized on PBTD24/PCD14.
b
↑ Indicates upregulated.
c
↓ Indicates downregulated.