TABLE 5.
Dysregulated metabolites in plasma lipidomicsa
| Metabolite | Pathway | Classification | Def + TRP + HIFM + VirHRV | Def + EcN + HIFM + VirHRV | Def + EcN + TRP + HIFM + VirHRV | Suf + HIFM + VirHRV |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| N-acetylserotonin; N-acetyl-5-hydroxytryptamine | Tryptophan metabolism | Amino acid | −0.9 | 1.7 | 3.6 | 1.9 |
| Retinoyl glucuronide; all-trans-retinoyl-beta-glucuronide | All-trans-retinoyl-beta-glucuronide | Lipid | −0.9 | −0.8 | −0.8 | −0.8 |
| Cholesterol sulfate; cholest-5-en-3beta-ol sulfate | Steroid hormone biosynthesis | Lipid | 1.1 | −0.9 | −0.7 | −0.9 |
Gnotobiotic (Gn) pigs were transplanted with human infant fecal microbiota (HIFM) at 4 days of age, post-HIFM transplantation day (PBTD) 0. Pigs were fed deficient (Def) and/or sufficient (Suf) diets. Pigs were supplemented orally with E. coli Nissle (EcN) 1917 and/or tryptophan (TRP) at PBTD7, subsequently challenged with virulent human rotavirus (VirHRV) at PBTD9-10/postchallenge day (PCD) 0, and euthanized on PBTD24/PCD14. Treatment groups were compared with untreated (Def) group pigs and presented as fold change. A negative sign represents the decreased relative intensity. Metabolites highlighted in bold are correlated with immunological assays, determined by Spearman’s nonparametric correlation method.