Table 1.
Summary of the ameliorative effects of AgNPs against hepato-renal damages.
| Mode of Synthesis | Morphology | Toxicity Inducing Agent | Experimental Model | Administration Route and Dosage | Molecular Markers | References |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Physical method | 3–5 nm | Acetaminophen | Female albino rats | Orally, 50, 100, and 150 µg/kg once | ↓AST, ALT, LDH, bilirubin, TG, and cholesterol ↑SOD and CAT ↑ATPase and G6Pase |
[58] |
| Chemical method | Spherical, 30.71 nm | - | HepG2 cell line | -, 75 µg/mL for 48 h | ↑Bax ↑Caspase 3, 8, 9 |
[60] |
| Biological method | Spherical and polydispersed, 30–50 nm | APAP | Albino rats | p.o, 75 mg/kg | ↓ALT, AST, LDH, albumin, bilirubin, and cholesterol ↓Urea and creatinine ↓LPO ↑SOD, CAT, and ATPase |
[61] |
| Chemical method | Spherical, 13 ± 1 nm | - | HepG2 | -, 50, 100, and 200 µg/ml | ↑ROS ↑Bax, p53, and caspase 3 ↓Bcl2 |
[75] |
| Chemical method | 3–5 nm | APAP | Albino rats | Orally, 50, 100, and 150 µg/kg once | ↓Serum urea and creatinine ↓Renal lipid peroxidation ↑GSH ↑SOD, CAT, and ATPase |
[76] |
| Biological method | Spherical, 50 nm | N-nitrosodiethylamine | Male albino rats | Orally, 100 µg/kg for 10 weeks (every alternate day) | ↓GOT, GPT, and ALP ↓IL-6 and IL-10 ↑GSH, SOD, and CAT |
[59] |
| Biological method | - | CCl4 | Male Albino –rats | Orally, 3.25 mg/kg for 8 days | ↓LDH, MDA ↑GSH and GPx ↓GOT, GPT, and ALP |
[65] |
| Biological method | Spherical, 32.18 nm | CCl4 | Swiss Albino mice | -, 100, 150, and 200 mg/kg | ↓ALT, AST ALP, bilirubin ↑CAT, SOD GPx, GSSH |
[67] |
| Biological method | Spherical, 13–27 nm | CCl4 | Swiss Albino mice | Orally, 25 mg/kg for 8 days | ↑CAT, GPx, GSH ↓Bilirubin, LDH, MDA ↓GOT, GPT, and ALP |
[66] |
| Biological method | - | CCl4 | Male Albino rats | Orally, 5 and 10 mg/kg for 3 months before and after 2 h of CCl4 administration | ↓Regucalcin | [77] |
| Biological method | Spherical, 98.93 nm | CCl4 | Albino Wistar rats | Orally, 250 and 500 mg/kg for 14 days | ↓ALP, AST ALT, and bilirubin ↑Total protein |
[68] |
| Biological method | Spherical, 20–24 nm | STZ | Wistar albino rats | Orally, 10 mg/kg for 28 days | ↓ALP, AST ALT, and MDA ↑CAT, SOD, and GSH |
[72] |
| Biological method | Spherical, 48.52 nm | CCl4 | SNU-387, LMH/2A, McA-RH7777, and N1-S1 Fudr | -, 223, 185, 265, and 188 µg/ml | ↓DPPH | [73] |
| Biological method | Spherical, 37–42 nm | - | HepG2 | -, 200 µg/ml | ↓DPPH | [74] |
| Biological method | Spherical, 20–50 nm | Methotrexate | Wistar albino rabbits | Intramuscularly, 150 mg/kg | ↓Serum creatinine, urea, and uric acid ↑GSH |
[78] |
| Biological method | Spherical, 4–25 nm | Alloxan | Wistar Albino rats | Orally, 10 mg/kg for 21 days | ↓Blood glucose level | [79] |