Table 1.
Baseline characteristics of the four cohorts.
| Antiplatelet Non-User (N = 401,686) |
Antiplatelet Users (N = 98,483) |
||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Aspirin Monotherapy | Clopidogrel Mono Therapy |
Dual Therapy | |||||||
| N = 78,522 | N = 12,752 | N = 7209 | |||||||
| Variables | n | % | n | % | n | % | n | % | SMD |
| Sex | 0.035 | ||||||||
| Female | 192,615 | 48% | 39,691 | 51% | 3766 | 30% | 2056 | 29% | |
| Male | 209,071 | 52% | 38,831 | 49% | 8986 | 70% | 5153 | 71% | |
| Age, year | 0.064 | ||||||||
| <30 | 9487 | 2.4% | 1850 | 2.4% | 16 | 0.1% | 13 | 0.2% | |
| 30–50 | 95,811 | 24% | 20,986 | 27% | 1574 | 12% | 1241 | 17% | |
| 50–70 | 217,461 | 54% | 44,284 | 56% | 6981 | 55% | 4176 | 58% | |
| ≥70 | 78,927 | 20% | 11,402 | 15% | 4181 | 33% | 1779 | 25% | |
| Mean (SD) | 58.1 | (13.6) | 56.4 | (12.6) | 64.1 | (12.1) | 61.2 | (12.0) | 0.025 |
| Comorbidities | |||||||||
| Hypertension | 258,897 | 64% | 46,129 | 59% | 10,484 | 82% | 5314 | 74% | 0.033 |
| Hyperlipidemia | 258,217 | 64% | 48,601 | 62% | 8729 | 68% | 4578 | 64% | 0.030 |
| CAD | 104,214 | 26% | 15,162 | 19% | 6503 | 51% | 2556 | 35% | 0.031 |
| Stroke | 5194 | 1% | 617 | 1% | 694 | 5% | 161 | 2% | 0.017 |
| Arrhythmia | 54,806 | 14% | 8965 | 11% | 2669 | 21% | 1136 | 16% | 0.020 |
| CKD | 15,657 | 4% | 2317 | 3% | 1400 | 11% | 529 | 7% | 0.021 |
| COPD | 77,572 | 19% | 14,062 | 18% | 3162 | 25% | 1570 | 22% | 0.006 |
| Osteoporosis | 2162 | 1% | 428 | 1% | 62 | 0.5% | 28 | 0.4% | 0.002 |
| CCIs | 0.081 | ||||||||
| 0 | 249,662 | 62% | 51,785 | 66% | 3162 | 25% | 2873 | 40% | |
| 1 | 61,021 | 15% | 11,571 | 15% | 3851 | 30% | 2042 | 28% | |
| 2 | 46,872 | 12% | 8194 | 10% | 2327 | 18% | 1033 | 14% | |
| ≥3 | 44,131 | 11% | 6972 | 9% | 3412 | 27% | 1261 | 17% | |
| aDCSI | 0.049 | ||||||||
| 0 | 333,706 | 83% | 66,690 | 85% | 8018 | 63% | 5502 | 76% | |
| 1 | 34,738 | 9% | 7112 | 9% | 1943 | 15% | 794 | 11% | |
| ≥2 | 33,242 | 8% | 4720 | 6% | 2791 | 22% | 913 | 13% | |
| Medications | |||||||||
| Anti-DM drugs | |||||||||
| Metformin | 213,265 | 53% | 40,974 | 52% | 7915 | 62% | 4278 | 59% | 0.018 |
| Sulfonylureas | 184,031 | 46% | 35,903 | 46% | 6960 | 55% | 3956 | 55% | 0.035 |
| Alpha-glucosidase inhibitors | 39,287 | 10% | 7361 | 9% | 1973 | 15% | 798 | 11% | 0.017 |
| Thiazolidinedione | 35,793 | 9% | 7027 | 9% | 1658 | 13% | 752 | 10% | 0.023 |
| Insulin | 37,023 | 9% | 6761 | 9% | 2573 | 20% | 1258 | 17% | 0.051 |
| Anti-HTN drugs | |||||||||
| α-blockers | 73,503 | 18% | 12,196 | 16% | 4045 | 32% | 1839 | 26% | 0.002 |
| β-blockers | 211,920 | 53% | 37,258 | 47% | 8615 | 68% | 4192 | 58% | 0.038 |
| Potassium-sparing diuretics | 18,825 | 5% | 3285 | 4% | 1065 | 8% | 496 | 7% | 0.011 |
| Thiazides diuretics | 35,793 | 9% | 7027 | 9% | 1658 | 13% | 752 | 10% | 0.023 |
| Loop diuretics | 77,655 | 19% | 13,436 | 17% | 3857 | 30% | 1818 | 25% | 0.002 |
| CCBs | 212,199 | 53% | 36,608 | 47% | 9132 | 72% | 4552 | 63% | 0.035 |
| ACEIs | 183,404 | 46% | 30,943 | 39% | 8462 | 66% | 4073 | 56% | 0.030 |
| ARBs | 88,513 | 22% | 14,865 | 19% | 4590 | 36% | 2044 | 28% | 0.005 |
| Statins | 161,715 | 40% | 28,131 | 36% | 7097 | 56% | 3155 | 44% | 0.026 |
| NSAIDs | 389,629 | 97% | 76,153 | 97% | 12,095 | 95% | 6827 | 95% | 0.026 |
| Oral steroid | 312,091 | 78% | 61,695 | 79% | 9180 | 72% | 5078 | 70% | 0.014 |
SMD: standard mean difference; CAD: coronary artery disease; CKD: chronic kidney disease; COPD: chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; HTN: hypertension; CCIs: Charlton comorbidity index; aDCSI: adapted diabetes complication severity index; CCBs: calcium channel blockers; ACEIs: angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors; ARBs: angiotensin II receptor blockers; NSAIDs: non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug.