Table 1.

Main features of CRISPR/Cas-based technology for diagnostic applications.

Effector	Detection Platform	Target	Amplification	Fluorescent Signal	Sensitivity	Applications	Signal Readout	References
Cas9		DNA/RNA	CAS-EXPAR	SYBR Green I	aM(10−18 M)	SNP genotype discrimination	Real-time fluorescence	[34]
	MOFs	DNA	SDA, RCA	FAM	40 CFU/mL (Colony-Forming Unit/mL)	Quantitative bacteria detection	Fluorescence spectroscopy	[35]
	CHP	DNA	SDA, RCA	FAM	aM	DNA and SNVs detection	Real-time fluorescence	[36]
	CRISDA	DNA	SDA	Cy5	2.5 aM	DNA and SNVs detection	Real-time fluorescence	[37]
	LEOPARD	DNA	qRT-PCR	TEX	aM	Virus detection	Real-time fluorescence	[38]
	FELUDA	DNA	RT-PCR	FAM	10 CPs/μL (copies/mL)	Virus and SNVs detection	Real-time fluorescence	[39]
	CADD	DNA	HCR; ELISA	FAM	aM	Viral, bacterial, and cellular DNA detection	Fluorescence spectroscopy	[40]
	PHC	DNA	HCR	FAM	0.025 pM	Multiplex virus detection	Fluorescence spectroscopy	[41]
Cas12a	HOLMES	DNA/RNA	PCR; RT-PCR	HEX	aM	Virus genotyping and human SNPs detection	Fluorescence spectroscopy	[31]
	DETECTR	DNA	RPA	FAM	aM	Virus detection	Real-time fluorescence	[42]
	AIOD-CRISPR	DNA	RT-RPA	FAM	5 CPs/μL	Virus detection	Real-time fluorescence	[43]
	deCOViD	DNA	RT-RPA	FAM	1 GE/μL (genome equivalent/μL)	Virus detection	Digital fluorescence	[44]
	CRISPR-FDS	DNA	RT-PCR; RT-RPA	FAM	2 CPs/sample	Virus detection	Digital fluorescence	[45]
	RADICA	DNA	RPA	FAM	10 pM (10−12 M)	Quantitative virus detection	Digital fluorescence	[46]
	WS-CRISPR	DNA	RT-DAMP	FAM	5 CPs/μL	Virus detection	Digital fluorescence	[47]
Cas12b	HOLMESv2	DNA/RNA	LAMP; RT-LAMP; Asymmetric PCR	HEX; FAM	aM	SNPs detection, RNA detection, DNA methylation detection	Real-time fluorescence	[48]
	STOP	DNA	RT-LAMP	HEX; FAM	33 CPs/mL	Virus detection	Real-time fluorescence	[29]
	CASdetec	DNA	RT-RAA	FAM	105 CPs/mL	Virus detection	Real-time fluorescence	[49]
Cas13a	SHERLOCK	DNA/RNA	RPA	FAM	aM	Virus detecting, human DNA genotyping, cancer mutations	Real-time fluorescence	[21]
	Csm6	RNA	qRT-PCR	FAM	20 fM (10−15 M)	Virus detection	Real-time fluorescence	[50]
	SATORI	RNA	NONE	FAM	10 fM	Virus detection	Digital fluorescence	[51]
	CLISA	DNA	TMA	FAM	fM	VEGF detection	Real-time fluorescence	[52]
	CARMEN	DNA	PCR; RPA	FAM	10 CPs/μL	Multiplex virus and SNPs detection	Real-time fluorescence	[53]
	SHINE	DNA	RT-RPA	FAM	10 CPs/μL	Virus detection	Real-time fluorescence	[54]
Cas13b	SHERLOCKv2	DNA/RNA	RPA	FAM, TEX, Cy5, HEX	zM (10−21 M)	Multiplex detection	Real-time fluorescence	[55]
Cas14a	DETECTR	DNA	RPA	λex: 485 nm; λem: 535 nm	aM	SNP identification	Real-time fluorescence	[10]
Cas14a1	ATCas-RNA	RNA	TMA	FAM	aM	Nucleic acid detection	Real-time fluorescence	[28]