Table 1.

Evidence for amygdalin’s anti-fibrosis effects: organized reviews and meta-analysis of the primary literature.

Model	Dose/Method/Period	Activity	Refs.
KFB	100 μg mL−1; culture; 48–72 h 80 μg mL−1; culture; 48–72 h 80 μg mL−1; culture; 24–48 h	Collagenase Activity Types ↓ Type-collagen ↓ Apoptosis of KFB ↑	[98]
Tracheal injection of 50 mg/mL SiO2 suspension 1ml, SD rats	48mg mL−1; i.p.; 1 month	Creating collagen in the lungs ↓ Blood ceruloplasmin ↓	[99]
KFB	100 mg L−1; culture; 48 h	Significantly reduces KFB cell proliferation.	[100]
Tracheal injection of 5 mg kg−1 bleomycin, Wistar rats	15 mg kg−1 body weight; ip; 28 days	collagen types I and III ↓	[101]
KFB	25, 50, 100, 200, 400 and 800 μg mL−1; culture; 48 h	TGF-β1 ↓ KFB proliferation is dose-dependently inhibited.	[102]
Wistar rats undergo unilateral ureteral obstruction	3 mg/kg, 5 mg kg−1; i.p.; 7,14 and 21 days	Renal interstitial lesion severity markedly decreased by day 21.	[102]
HTC-T6 cells	200 μg mL−1; culture; 48 h and 72 h	TGF-β ↓ CTGF ↓	[103]
HTC-T6 cells	10−5, 10−4 and 10−3 mol L−1; culture; 48 h	PDGF ↓ IGF ↓	[103]
CP model rats (injecting DBTC into the right caudal vein)	An intravenous injection of 10 milligrams per kilogram of body weight once daily for the first three days, then every other day for 28 days.	Pancreatic fibrosis, Acinar destruction, α-SMA, PDGF-BB, TGF β-1, and ET-1 ↓ CGRP ↓	[104]