Table 2.
Prediction of the Levels of Fecal–Oral and Respiratory Transmission Potentials using PIDM and PIDN Values as Grouped by Categories. Data pertaining to COVID-19-related bat-CoVs from Laos have been added. (Taken in part from Biomolecules. 2022;12(5). © 2022 Goh et al, Published by MDPI AG, Open access under CC BY-NC-ND license. This is an Open Access article which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, provided the original work is properly cited. [21]).
| Coronavirus | PIDM | UniProt(U) Genbank(G) Accession Code (M Proteins) a |
PIDN | UniProt(U) Genbank(G) Accession Code (N) a |
Group/Remarks |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| HCoV-229E | 23 | P15422 | 56 | P15130 | Group A |
| IBV(Avian) c | 10 | P69606 | 56 | Q8JMI6 | Higher levels of respiratory transmission lower levels of fecal-oral transmission |
| Bovine | 7.8 | P69704 | 53.1 | Q8V432(U) | Group B |
| PEDV (Porcine) c | 8 | P59771(U) | 51.7 | Q07499(U) | Intermediate levels of respiratory and fecal-oral transmission |
| Canine (Resp.) | 7 | A3E2F6(U) | 50.5 | A3E2F7(U) | |
| HCoV-OC43 | 7 | Q4VID2(U) | 51 | P33469(U) | |
| SARS-CoV-1 | 8.6 | P59596(U) | 50.2 | P59595(U) | |
| HCoV-NL63 | 11 | Q6Q1R9(U) | 49 | Q6Q1R8(U) | |
| Bats b | 11.2 + 5.3 | A3EXD6(U) | 47.7 + 0.9 | Q3LZX4(U) | |
| MHV(Murine) c | 8 | Q9JEB4(U) | 46.8 | P03416(U) | Group C |
| MERS-CoV | 9.1 | K0BU37(U) | 44.3 | K0BVN3(U) | Lower levels of respiratory transmission higher levels of fecal-oral transmission |
| TGEV(Porcine) c | 14 | P09175(U) | 42.41 | P04134(U) | |
| Canine (Ent.) | 8 | B8RIR2(U) | 40 | Q04700(U) | |
| HCoV-HKU1 d | 4.5 | Q14EA7(U) | 37.4 | Q0ZME3(U) | |
| SARS-CoV-2 | Group D | ||||
| [Wuhan] | 5.9 | YP009724393(G) | 48.2 | YP009724397(G) | High Respiratory and Fecal-oral Transmission Potentials |
| [Delta] | 5.9 | QUX81285(G) | 47.1 + 0.5 | QYM89845(G) | |
| [Omicron] | 5.4 | UFO59282(G) | 44.8 | UFO692871(G) | |
| Pangolin-CoV e | 5.6 + 0.9 | QIA428617(G) | 46.6 + 1.6 | QIA48630(G) | |
| Rabbit-CoV | 5.7 | H9AA37(U) | 52.2 6 e | H9AA59(U) | |
| RaTG13 | 4.1 | QHT63303(G) | 48.5 | QHR63308(G) | |
| Laotian Bat-CoV | 6.0 + 0.2 | 48.3 + 0.2 | |||
| [Banal-52 | 6.3 | UAY13220.1 | 48.2 | UAY13225.1 | |
| [Banal-103] | 5.9 | UAY13232.1 | 48.5 | UAY13257.1 | |
| [Banal0236] | 4.1 | UAY13256.1 | 48.5 | UAY1326.1 |
a UniProt (U): [https://www.uniProt.org, access on 23 August 2022]; GenBank-NCBI (G): [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/protein, access on 23 August 2022]. b Summary figures on bats. Further details on the bat samples can be found in Table 2. Four out of five bat-CoVs are in group B. High standard deviations are seen for PIDN and PIDM values as denoted by “±”. c MHV (murine hepatitis virus), IBV (infectious bronchitis virus), PEDV (porcine epidemic diarrhea virus, TGEV (transmissible gastroenteritis virus). d HCoV-HKU1 has one of the lowest PIDM, which could qualify it for group D, but its PIDN is also abnormally low. Much is still not understood about HCoV-HKU1 [50,51]. For these reasons, HCoV-HKU1 is left in group C. e Details on the known existing pangolin-CoVs can be found in Table 3. Standard deviation is denoted by “±”.