Table 2.
Characteristic | None | No sidewalks | Speeding vehicles | Poorly lit | Dogs | No crosswalks | Crime |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Total | 59.2 (57.1, 61.3) | 22.0 (20.2, 23.7) | 18.1 (16.4, 19.7) | 11.1 (9.7, 12.4) | 10.1 (8.8, 11.4) | 9.6 (8.4, 10.9) | 8.0 (6.8, 9.3) |
Age (years) | |||||||
18–34 | 58.3 (54.0, 62.6) | 22.2 (18.6, 25.7) | 18.3 (14.8, 21.7) | 13.6 (10.7, 16.5) | 6.6 (4.7, 8.6) | 11.8 (9.0, 14.6) | 8.7 (6.1, 11.3) |
35–49 | 56.5 (52.5, 60.5) | 21.4 (18.1, 24.6) | 19.4 (16.3, 22.5) | 13.3 (10.5, 16.1) | 12.1 (9.4, 14.9) | 9.0 (6.8, 11.1) | 8.2 (5.9, 10.4) |
50–64 | 60.7 (57.0, 64.5) | 21.1 (18.0, 24.2) | 15.7 (13.0, 18.4) | 9.9 (7.7, 12.1) | 11.9 (9.5, 14.4) | 8.7 (6.6, 10.7) | 8.3 (6.0, 10.5) |
65+ | 62.5 (57.9, 67.1) | 23.8 (19.8, 27.8) | 19.3 (15.4, 23.2) | 5.2 (3.0, 7.3) | 10.4 (7.2, 13.6) | 8.3 (5.5, 11.2) | 6.3 (3.7, 9.0) |
Education level | |||||||
Less than high school | 49.1 (41.6, 56.7) | 22.9 (16.5, 29.2) | 20.8 (14.7, 26.9) | 14.9 (9.4, 20.4) | 16.7 (11.1, 22.2) | 10.1 (5.7, 14.5) | 13.9 (8.4, 19.5) |
High school | 58.5 (54.5, 62.5) | 21.6 (18.3, 24.9) | 20.1 (16.8, 23.3) | 9.5 (7.2, 11.8) | 11.4 (8.9, 13.8) | 9.7 (7.3, 12.1) | 8.4 (6.2, 10.6) |
Some college | 59.8 (56.3, 63.4) | 22.5 (19.5, 25.5) | 18.4 (15.6, 21.3) | 12.1 (9.7, 14.4) | 8.9 (6.9, 11.0) | 10.6 (8.3, 13.0) | 8.7 (6.4, 10.9) |
College graduate | 63.6 (60.2, 67.0) | 21.4 (18.5, 24.2) | 14.5 (12.2, 16.8) | 10.1 (7.9, 12.3) | 7.2 (5.3, 9.0) | 8.3 (6.4, 10.3) | 4.5 (3.2, 5.8) |
Race/ethnicity | |||||||
White, non-Hispanic | 60.0 (57.6, 62.3) | 23.1 (21.1, 25.2) | 19.1 (17.2, 21.1) | 10.0 (8.5, 11.4) | 8.5 (7.2, 9.9) | 9.3 (7.8, 10.7) | 6.1 (4.8, 7.4) |
Black, non-Hispanic | 54.2 (47.4, 61.1) | 18.3 (13.2, 23.5) | 14.2 (9.3, 19.1) | 12.1 (7.5, 16.7) | 19.3 (13.7, 24.9) | 11.3 (6.9, 15.6) | 15.7 (10.7, 20.6) |
Hispanic | 62.0 (55.8, 68.2) | 17.7 (13.0, 22.3) | 17.2 (12.7, 21.7) | 14.9 (10.5, 19.3) | 10.0 (6.5, 13.5) | 9.1 (5.9, 12.4) | 9.1 (5.7, 12.5) |
Other | 54.7 (45.5, 63.8) | 25.0 (16.9, 33.0) | 15.8 (9.1, 22.5) | 12.5 (6.3, 18.8) | 10.5 (5.1, 15.9) | 11.3 (5.5, 17.0) | 12.1 (5.3, 18.8) |
Sex | |||||||
Male | 62.5 (59.5, 65.5) | 20.4 (17.9, 22.9) | 17.2 (14.8, 19.5) | 10.8 (8.8, 12.7) | 8.1 (6.4, 9.8) | 9.6 (7.7, 11.5) | 7.3 (5.6, 9.0) |
Female | 56.1 (53.2, 59.0) | 23.5 (21.0, 25.9) | 18.9 (16.6, 21.2) | 11.4 (9.5, 13.2) | 12.0 (10.1, 13.9) | 9.7 (8.0, 11.4) | 8.7 (7.0, 10.5) |
MSA status | |||||||
Nonmetro | 53.1 (47.7, 58.4) | 27.6 (22.8, 32.4) | 20.2 (16.0, 24.4) | 11.0 (7.7, 14.4) | 14.6 (10.9, 18.3) | 12.4 (8.6, 16.2) | 6.3 (3.3, 9.2) |
Metro | 60.4 (58.1, 62.7) | 20.9 (19.0, 22.7) | 17.7 (15.9, 19.4) | 11.1 (9.6, 12.5) | 9.2 (7.9, 10.6) | 9.1 (7.8, 10.4) | 8.4 (7.0, 9.7) |
Region | |||||||
Northeast | 57.7 (52.8, 62.6) | 24.7 (20.6, 28.9) | 21.9 (17.7, 26.0) | 10.3 (7.1, 13.5) | 5.2 (2.8, 7.6) | 10.8 (7.8, 13.8) | 6.9 (4.2, 9.5) |
Midwest | 62.4 (58.3, 66.6) | 20.4 (17.0, 23.9) | 14.3 (11.4, 17.3) | 11.9 (8.8, 14.9) | 8.4 (5.8, 11.0) | 8.6 (6.0, 11.3) | 8.4 (5.7, 11.1) |
South | 54.8 (51.3, 58.3) | 24.8 (21.8, 27.8) | 19.2 (16.4, 21.9) | 11.9 (9.7, 14.0) | 14.4 (12.0, 16.8) | 10.2 (8.1, 12.2) | 7.7 (5.7, 9.7) |
West | 64.5 (60.1, 68.9) | 16.6 (13.3, 20.0) | 16.8 (13.3, 20.3) | 9.7 (7.1, 12.3) | 8.7 (6.3, 11.0) | 8.8 (6.2, 11.5) | 9.1 (6.4, 11.7) |
Walking domain | |||||||
Nonwalkers | 62.2 (58.1, 66.4) | 20.9 (17.5, 24.4) | 15.9 (12.9, 19.0) | 11.2 (8.5, 13.9) | 10.8 (8.2, 13.5) | 9.2 (6.9, 11.5) | 9.1 (6.3, 11.8) |
Walkers | 58.2 (55.8, 60.6) | 22.3 (20.3, 24.3) | 18.8 (16.9, 20.7) | 11.0 (9.5, 12.6) | 9.9 (8.4, 11.3) | 9.8 (8.3, 11.3) | 7.7 (6.3, 9.0) |
Transportation | 58.6 (55.8, 61.5) | 21.2 (18.9, 23.6) | 19.4 (17.1, 21.7) | 10.7 (8.9, 12.5) | 9.0 (7.4, 10.6) | 10.0 (8.2, 11.8) | 8.7 (7.0, 10.4) |
Leisure | 57.9 (55.1, 60.7) | 22.9 (20.5, 25.2) | 18.4 (16.2, 20.5) | 11.6 (9.8, 13.4) | 10.6 (8.8, 12.3) | 9.2 (7.6, 10.9) | 7.9 (6.3, 9.4) |
Note. Figures in parentheses are 95% confidence intervals. Rows of boldface numbers are significantly (P < .05) different within the boldfaced block. Boldfaced blocks for ordinal variables age and education level are also significant for linear trend. Differences among walking domains not tested.
Abbreviations: MSA, Metropolitan Statistical Area.