Skip to main content
. 2022 Oct 21;14(20):5159. doi: 10.3390/cancers14205159

Table 5.

The associations of dietary carotenoids and vitamin A intakes with risk of adenocarcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma lung cancer by race, SCCS.

Carotenoids Quartiles Adenocarcinoma Squamous Cell Carcinoma
EAs AAs EAs AAs
Case HR 95%CI Case HR 95%CI Pinteraction Case HR 95%CI Case HR 95%CI Pinteraction
α-carotene 1 37 ref 55 ref 0.04 23 ref 47 ref 0.96
2 24 0.71
(0.42–1.20)		 91 1.71
(1.22–2.40)		 27 1.32
(0.75–2.31)		 34 0.75
(0.48–1.17)
3 24 0.75
(0.44–1.26)		 74 1.45
(1.02–2.07)		 14 0.76
(0.39–1.48)		 39 0.85
(0.55–1.32)
4 19 0.64
(0.36–1.13)		 65 1.39
(0.96–2.01)		 21 1.22
(0.66–2.25)		 37 0.95
(0.60–1.48)
Ptrend 0.13 0.21 0.94 0.91
β-carotene 1 33 ref 61 ref 0.05 21 ref 44 ref 0.48
2 27 0.87
(0.52–1.46)		 82 1.35
(0.96–1.88)		 21 1.12
(0.61–2.08)		 36 0.81
(0.52–1.28)
3 25 0.85
(0.50–1.44)		 64 1.06
(0.74–1.52)		 18 1.08
(0.57–2.06)		 31 0.66
(0.41–1.06)
4 19 0.64
(0.35–1.14)		 78 1.39
(0.98–1.98)		 25 1.46
(0.80–2.69)		 46 1.07
(0.69–1.67)
Ptrend 0.14 0.20 0.25 0.91
β-Cryptoxanthin 1 38 ref 80 ref 0.16 16 ref 37 ref 0.76
2 23 0.70
(0.42–1.18)		 73 0.98
(0.71–1.35)		 28 2.21
(1.19–4.11)		 32 0.94
(0.58–1.52)
3 23 0.71
(0.42–1.20)		 55 0.76
(0.54–1.08)		 20 1.73
(0.88–3.38)		 43 1.35
(0.86–2.13)
4 20 0.61
(0.35–1.07)		 77 1.10
(0.79–1.52)		 21 1.76
(0.90–3.44)		 45 1.44
(0.91–2.27)
Ptrend 0.08 0.92 0.19 0.05
Lutein and 1 37 ref 68 ref 0.09 19 ref 41 ref 0.80
Zeaxanthin 2 25 0.74
(0.44–1.24)		 73 1.08
(0.78–1.52)		 25 1.55
(0.85–2.83)		 34 0.86
(0.54–1.37)
3 18 0.54
(0.31–0.96)		 70 1.06
(0.75–1.50)		 18 1.16
(0.60–2.24)		 36 0.89
(0.56–1.42)
4 24 0.71
(0.42–1.20)		 74 1.13
(0.81–1.60)		 23 1.41
(0.75–2.64)		 46 1.09
(0.70–1.71)
Ptrend 0.11 0.52 0.47 0.64
Lycopene 1 33 ref 72 ref 0.05 24 ref 39 ref 0.55
2 33 1.11
(0.68–1.81)		 72 1.07
(0.77–1.49)		 19 0.96
(0.52–1.76)		 44 1.34
(0.86–2.08)
3 23 0.87
(0.50–1.49)		 66 1.02
(0.72–1.42)		 21 1.32
(0.72–2.41)		 38 1.25
(0.79–1.97)
4 15 0.57
(0.31–1.07)		 75 1.16
(0.84–1.62)		 21 1.29
(0.71–2.36)		 36 1.20
(0.75–1.91)
Ptrend 0.07 0.45 0.28 0.53
Vitamin A, RAE 1 30 ref 60 ref 0.02 20 ref 38 ref 0.94
2 28 0.98
(0.58–1.67)		 74 1.23
(0.87–1.75)		 19 1.04
(0.54–1.99)		 35 0.90
(0.56–1.46)
3 28 1.03
(0.60–1.77)		 67 1.19
(0.82–1.71)		 20 1.14
(0.60–2.19)		 39 1.09
(0.68–1.77)
4 18 0.65
(0.35–1.21)		 84 1.55
(1.08–2.21)		 26 1.41
(0.75–2.65)		 45 1.25
(0.77–2.02)
Ptrend 0.24 0.03 0.26 0.24