Table 1.
(a) Cohort characteristics, in 2010, overall and by NICU status. (b) Cohort characteristics, in 2018, overall and by NICU status.
| (a) | ||||||||
| Demographic | Overall | Overall % | No NICU | No NICU % 95% CI | <14 days NICU | <14 days NICU % 95% CI | ≥14 days NICU | ≥14 days NICU % |
| 95% CI | 95% CI | |||||||
| 55,500 | 50,614 | 3671 | 1215 | |||||
| Age | ||||||||
| ≤18 | 220 | 0.40% | 210 | 95.45% [92.64, 98.27] | (<11) | 3.18% | (<11) | 1.36% |
| [−0.43, 1.23] | [−9.82, 16.18] | [−11.8, 14.49] | ||||||
| 19–26 | 6689 | 12.05% [11.27, 12.83] | 6131 | 91.66% [90.97, 92.35] | 436 | 6.52% [4.20, 8.84] | 122 | 1.82% |
| [−0.55, 4.20] | ||||||||
| 27–34 | 32,663 | 58.85% [58.32, 59.39] | 29,944 | 91.68% [91.36, 91.99] | 2047 | 6.27% [5.22, 7.32] | 672 | 2.06% |
| [0.98, 3.13] | ||||||||
| 35–39 | 12,388 | 22.32% [21.59, 23.05] | 11,211 | 90.50% [89.96, 91.04] | 876 | 7.07% [5.37, 8.77] | 301 | 2.43% |
| [0.69, 4.17] | ||||||||
| ≥40 | 3540 | 6.38% [5.57, 7.18] | 3118 | 88.08% [86.94, 89.22] | 305 | 8.62% [5.47, 11.76] | 117 | 3.31% |
| [0.07, 6.54] | ||||||||
| Race/Ethnicity | ||||||||
| Asian | 4236 | 7.63% [6.83, 8.43] | 3869 | 91.34% [90.45, 92.22] | 277 | 6.54% [3.63, 9.45] | 90 | 2.12% |
| [−0.85, 5.10] | ||||||||
| Black | 4692 | 8.45% [7.66, 9.25] | 4213 | 89.79% [88.88, 90.71] | 335 | 7.14% [4.38, 9.90] | 144 | 3.07% |
| [0.25, 5.89] | ||||||||
| Hispanic | 6353 | 11.45% [10.66, 12.23] | 5780 | 90.98% [90.24, 91.72] | 438 | 6.89% [4.52, 9.27] | 135 | 2.12% |
| [−0.31, 4.56] | ||||||||
| Unknown race | 4149 | 7.48% [6.68, 8.28] | (<11) | (<11) | (<11) | |||
| White | 36,070 | 64.99% [64.50, 65.48] | 32,954 | 91.36% [91.06, 91.66] | 2346 | 6.50% [5.51, 7.50] | 770 | 2.13% |
| [1.11, 3.16] | ||||||||
| Region | ||||||||
| Midwest | 12,990 | 23.41% [22.68, 24.13] | 11,913 | 91.71% [91.21, 92.20] | 811 | 6.24% [4.58, 7.91] | 266 | 2.05% |
| [0.35, 3.75] | ||||||||
| West | 11,059 | 19.93% [19.18, 20.67] | 10,185 | 92.10% [91.57, 92.62] | 663 | 6.00% [4.19, 7.80] | 211 | 1.91% |
| [0.06, 3.75] | ||||||||
| Northeast | 6067 | 10.93% [10.15, 11.72] | 5466 | 90.09% [89.30, 90.89] | 479 | 7.90% [5.48, 10.31] | 122 | 2.01% |
| [−0.48, 4.50] | ||||||||
| South | 25,350 | 45.68% [45.06, 46.29] | 23,017 | 90.80% [90.42, 91.17] | 1717 | 6.77% [5.58, 7.96] | 616 | 2.43% |
| [1.21, 3.65] | ||||||||
| Insurance | ||||||||
| POS | 38,661 | 69.66% [69.20, 70.12] | 35,218 | 91.09% [90.80, 91.39] | 2583 | 6.68% [5.72, 7.64] | 860 | 2.22% |
| [1.24, 3.21] | ||||||||
| EPO/HMO | 15,656 | 28.21% [27.50, 28.91] | 14,304 | 91.36% | 1011 | 6.46% [4.94, 7.97] | 341 | 2.18% |
| [90.90, 91.82] | [0.63, 3.73] | |||||||
| PPO | 983 | 1.77% [0.95, 2.60] | 905 | 92.07% | 65 | 6.61% [0.57, 12.65] | 13 | 1.32% |
| [90.30, 93.83] | [−4.89, 7.53] | |||||||
| Other | 200 | 187 | 93.50% | 12 | 6.00% | (<11) | 0.50% | |
| [89.97, 97.03] | [−7.44, 19.44] | [−13.3, 14.32] | ||||||
| Other MH Conditions (excluding anxiety and depression) | ||||||||
| No other MH | 52,450 | 94.50% [94.31, 94.70] | 47,892 | 91.31% [91.06, 91.56] | 3420 | 6.52% [5.69, 7.35] | 1138 | 2.17% |
| [1.32, 3.02] | ||||||||
| Pre-other MH | 2983 | 5.37% [4.57, 6.18] | 2657 | 89.07% [87.89, 90.26] | 249 | 8.35% [4.91, 11.78] | 77 | 2.58% |
| [−0.96, 6.12] | ||||||||
| Substance | ||||||||
| Use Disorder | ||||||||
| No SUD | 54,751 | 98.65% [98.55, 98.75] | 49,973 | 91.27% [91.03, 91.52] | 3596 | 6.57% [5.76, 7.38] | 1182 | 2.16% |
| [1.33, 2.99] | ||||||||
| Pre-SUD | 749 | 1.35% [0.52, 2.18] | 641 | 85.58% [82.86, 88.30] | 75 | 10.01% [3.22, 16.81] | 33 | 4.41% |
| [−2.60, 11.41] | ||||||||
| (b) | ||||||||
| Demographic | Overall | Overall % | No NICU | No NICU % 95% CI | <14 days NICU | <14 days NICU % 95% CI | ≥14 days NICU | ≥14 days NICU % |
| 95% CI | 95% CI | |||||||
| 49,431 | 44,301 | 3986 | 1144 | |||||
| Age | ||||||||
| ≤18 | 57 | 50 | 87.72% [78.62, 96.82] | (<11) | 10.53% | (<11) | 1.75% | |
| [−14.0, 35.08] | [−24.0, 27.49] | |||||||
| 19–26 | 3722 | 7.53% [6.68, 8.38] | 3388 | 91.03% [90.06,91.99] | 274 | 7.36% [4.27,10.45] | 60 | 1.61% |
| [−1.57, 4.80] | ||||||||
| 27–34 | 29,059 | 58.79% [58.22, 59.35] | 26,212 | 90.20% [89.84, 90.56] | 2224 | 7.65% [6.55, 8.76] | 623 | 2.14% |
| [1.01,3.28] | ||||||||
| 35–39 | 13,455 | 27.22% [26.47, 27.97] | 11,985 | 89.07% [88.52, 89.63] | 1147 | 8.52% [6.91, 10.14] | 323 | 2.40% |
| [0.73, 4.07] | ||||||||
| ≥40 | 3138 | 6.35% [5.50, 7.20] | 2666 | 84.96% [83.60, 86.32] | 335 | 10.68% [7.37, 13.98] | 137 | 4.37% |
| [0.94, 7.79] | ||||||||
| Race/Ethnicity | ||||||||
| Asian | 4635 | 9.38% [8.54, 10.22] | 4130 | 89.10% [88.15, 90.05] | 394 | 8.50% [5.75, 11.25] | 111 | 2.39% |
| [−0.45, 5.24] | ||||||||
| Black | 3834 | 7.76% [6.91, 8.60] | 3369 | 87.87% [86.77, 88.97] | 349 | 9.10% [6.08, 12.12] | 116 | 3.03% |
| [−0.09, 6.14] | ||||||||
| Hispanic | 6458 | 13.06% [12.24, 13.89] | 5772 | 89.38% [88.58, 90.17] | 533 | 8.25% [5.92, 10.59] | 153 | 2.37% |
| [−0.04, 4.78] | ||||||||
| Unknown race | 2429 | 4.91% [4.05, 5.77] | (<11) | (<11) | (<11) | |||
| White | 32075 | 64.89% [64.37, 65.41] | 28843 | 89.92% [89.58, 90.27] | 2521 | 7.86% [6.81, 8.91] | 711 | 2.22% |
| [1.13, 3.30] | ||||||||
| Region | ||||||||
| Midwest | 13,224 | 26.75% [26.00, 27.51] | 11,858 | 89.67% [89.12, 90.22] | 1049 | 7.93% [6.30, 9.57] | 317 | 2.40% |
| [0.71, 4.08] | ||||||||
| West | 11,018 | 22.29% [21.51, 23.07] | 9923 | 90.06% [89.47, 90.65] | 838 | 7.61% [5.81, 9.40] | 257 | 2.33% |
| [0.49, 4.18] | ||||||||
| Northeast | 5275 | 10.67% [9.84, 11.50] | 4659 | 88.32% [87.40, 89.24] | 515 | 9.76% [7.20, 12.33] | 101 | 1.91% |
| [−0.76, 4.59] | ||||||||
| South | 19,738 | 39.93% [39.25, 40.61] | 17,700 | 89.67% [89.23, 90.12] | 1572 | 7.96% [6.63, 9.30] | 466 | 2.36% |
| [0.98, 3.74] | ||||||||
| Insurance | ||||||||
| POS | 37,235 | 75.33% [74.89, 75.77] | 33,386 | 89.66% [89.34, 89.99] | 2983 | 8.01% [7.04, 8.99] | 866 | 2.33% |
| [1.32, 3.33] | ||||||||
| EPO/HMO | 11,070 | 22.39% [21.62, 23.17] | 9893 | 89.37% [88.76, 89.98] | 918 | 8.29% [6.51, 10.08] | 259 | 2.34% |
| [0.50, 4.18] | ||||||||
| PPO | 630 | 1.27% [0.40, 2.15] | 576 | 91.43% [89.14, 93.71] | 45 | 7.14% | (<11) | 1.43% |
| [−0.38, 14.67] | [−6.32, 9.18] | |||||||
| Other | 496 | 1.00% [0.13, 1.88] | 446 | 89.92% [87.13, 92.71] | 40 | 8.06% | (<11) | 2.02% |
| [−0.37, 16.50] | [−6.70, 10.73] | |||||||
| Other MH Conditions (excluding anxiety and depression) | ||||||||
| No other MH | 42,773 | 86.53% [86.21, 86.85] | 38,499 | 90.01% [89.71, 90.31] | 3336 | 7.80% [6.89, 8.71] | 938 | 2.19% |
| [1.26, 3.13] | ||||||||
| Pre-other MH | 6518 | 13.19% [12.36, 14.01] | 5673 | 87.04% [86.16, 87.91] | 645 | 9.90% [7.59, 12.20] | 200 | 3.07% |
| [0.68, 5.46] | ||||||||
| Substance Use Disorder | ||||||||
| No SUD | 47,883 | 96.87% [96.71, 97.02] | 43,013 | 89.83% [89.54, 90.12] | 3783 | 7.90% [7.04, 8.76] | 1087 | 2.27% |
| [1.38, 3.16] | ||||||||
| Pre-SUD | 1548 | 3.13% [2.26, 4.00] | 1288 | 83.20% [81.16, 85.25] | 203 | 13.11% [8.47, 17.76] | 57 | 3.68% |
| [−1.21, 8.57] | ||||||||
Abbreviations: Neonatal Intensive Care Unit = NICU; Point of Service = POS; Exclusive Provider Organization/Health Maintenance Organization = EPO, HMO; Preferred Provider Organization = PPO; Mental health = MH; Substance use disorder = SUD. For cell counts < 11, data was removed.