Table 1.
Summary of patients’ characteristics and diagnostic performance of different imaging modalities, including PSMA PET/CT.
| Author | Year | Patients | Study Design | Age (Median) | PSA (ng/mL) | Imaging | Sensitivity | Specificity |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Hoffmann [39] | 2017 | 25 | Retrospective | 67 | 20.4 ± 33.5 mean |
SUVmax 5.4 | 94% | 100% |
| Lopci [38] | 2018 | 45 | Prospective | 64 | 10.46 mean |
SUVmax 5.4 | 100% | 76% |
| SUVratio 2 | 100% | 88% | ||||||
| Sasikumar [37] | 2018 | 118 | Prospective | 67 | 11.56 (0.85–4156) median |
NR | NR | NR |
| Zhang J [36] | 2019 | 58 | Retrospective | 70 | 19.46 (1.31–49.07) median |
PET/CT | 91.67% | 81.82% |
| Kumar [35] | 2019 | 15 | Prospective | 66.2 | 9.9 (5.1–19.5) mean |
PET/CT | 88.8% | 66.65% |
| MRI | 62.5% | 76.4% | ||||||
| Chen [34] | 2019 | 54 | Retrospective | 65 | 13.53 (4.04–110) median |
PET/CT | 89% | 71% |
| MRI | 76% | 89% | ||||||
| Chandra [33] | 2020 | 64 | Retrospective | 70 | 15.67 (1.74–44) mean |
PET/CT | 74% | 92% |
| SUVmax 5.6 | 95% | 90.9% | ||||||
| Lopci [32] | 2020 | 97 | Prospective | 74.7 | 7.6 (1.86–32.6) median |
SUVmax 5.4/SUVratio 2.2 | 60% | 97% |
| MRI | 81% | 26% | ||||||
| Li [31] | 2020 | 67 | Retrospective | 68 | 10.48 (3.15–19.76) mean |
PET/CT | 87.9% | 88.2% |
| MRI | 84.9% | 52.9% | ||||||
| Lopci [30] | 2020 | 20 | Prospective | 74.7 | 7.6 (1.86–32.6) median |
SUVmax 5.4 | 60% | 93% |
| SUVratio 2.2 | 80% | 93% | ||||||
| Zhang L [29] | 2020 | 120 | Prospective | 71.1 | 28.2 ± 26 mean |
PET/CT vs. TRUS | NR | NR |
| Wang [28] | 2020 | 63 | Retrospective | 69.56 | 4.15–1298 mean |
ADC 1.02 × 10−3 | 58.1% | 90.6% |
| SUVmax 11.7 | 67.2% | 97.7% | ||||||
| Liu [27] | 2020 | 31 | Prospective | 65 | 18.0 (5.48–49.77) median |
PET/CT | 100% | 68.4% |
| Chinnappan [26] | 2021 | 67 | Retrospective | 70 | 23.2 (2.97–45.6) mean |
PET/CT | 76.3% | 96.5% |
| MRI | 92.1% | 65.5% | ||||||
| Jiao [25] | 2021 | 58 | Retrospective | 70.6 | 40.84 (13.66–89.96) median |
SUVmax 5.3 | 85.8% | 86.2% |
| Jain [24] | 2021 | 81 | Prospective | 68.4 | 10.5 ± 4.6 mean |
SUVmax 6.15 | 84% | 80% |
| Emmett [23] | 2022 | 291 | Prospective | 64 | 5.6 (4.2–7.5) median |
PET + MRI | 97% | 40% |
| MRI | 83% | 53% | ||||||
| Nuo [22] | 2017 | 105 | Retrospective | 68.4 | 3.45–1000 mean |
SUVmax 12.9 | 74% | 94% |
| bpMRI | 62% | 88% | ||||||
| bpMRI/PET | 80% | 88% |
Abbreviations: ADC, apparent diffusion coefficient; bpMRI, biparametric magnetic resonance imaging; NR, not reported; PET/CT, positron emission tomography/computed tomography; TRUS, transrectal ultrasonography-guided biopsy; SE/SP, sensitivity/specificity.