Table 2.
Baseline characteristics of 200 patients with advanced urothelial carcinoma.
| Variable | Total, N (%) | CONUT Score, N (%) | p | Sarcopenia, N (%) | p | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 0–1 | 2–3 | ≥4 | Yes | No | |||||
| Total | 200 (100) | 103 (52) | 72 (36) | 25 (12) | 168 (84) | 32 (16) | |||
| Age (years) * | 71 (38–94) | 70 (38–86) | 72 (46–90) | 72 (57–94) | 0.334 | 71 (38–91) | 69 (47–94) | 0.188 | |
| Sex | 0.426 | 0.012 | |||||||
| Male | 138 (69) | 70 (68) | 53 (74) | 15 (60) | 122 (73) | 16 (50) | |||
| Female | 62 (31) | 33 (32) | 19 (26) | 10 (40) | 46 (27) | 16 (50) | |||
| ECOG PS | <0.001 | 0.141 | |||||||
| 0 | 136 (68) | 73 (71) | 54 (75) | 9 (36) | 115 (68) | 21 (66) | |||
| 1 | 42 (21) | 24 (23) | 12 (17) | 6 (24) | 32 (19) | 10 (31) | |||
| ≥2 | 22 (11) | 6 (6) | 6 (8) | 10 (40) | 21 (13) | 1 (3) | |||
| BMI (kg/m2) * | 22 (15–36) | 23 (15–36) | 22 (15–32) | 21 (17–27) | <0.001 | 22 (15–34) | 24 (18–36) | <0.001 | |
| Primary tumor site | 0.599 | 0.019 | |||||||
| Bladder | 109 (55) | 58 (56) | 36 (50) | 15 (60) | 98 (58) | 11 (34) | |||
| UT | 91 (45) | 45 (44) | 36 (50) | 10 (40) | 70 (42) | 21 (66) | |||
| Hydronephrosis | <0.001 | 0.127 | |||||||
| No | 106 (53) | 56 (54) | 44 (61) | 6 (24) | 85 (51) | 21 (66) | |||
| Yes | 94 (47) | 47 (46) | 28 (39) | 19 (76) | 83 (49) | 11 (34) | |||
| Lymph node metastasis | 0.716 | 0.245 | |||||||
| No | 118 (59) | 62 (60) | 40 (56) | 16 (64) | 96 (57) | 22 (69) | |||
| Yes | 82 (41) | 41 (40) | 32 (44) | 9 (36) | 72 (43) | 10 (31) | |||
| Visceral metastasis | 0.072 | 0.845 | |||||||
| No | 122 (61) | 67 (65) | 45 (63) | 10 (40) | 103 (61) | 19 (59) | |||
| Yes | 78 (39) | 36 (35) | 27 (38) | 15 (60) | 65 (39) | 13 (41) | |||
| Prior curative surgery | 0.819 | 0.066 | |||||||
| No | 153 (77) | 80 (78) | 55 (76) | 18 (72) | 133 (79) | 20 (63) | |||
| Yes | 47 (23) | 23 (22) | 17 (24) | 7 (28) | 35 (21) | 12 (38) | |||
| 1st line therapy for aUC | 0.044 | 0.546 | |||||||
| Platinum-based chemotherapy | cisplatin | 117 (59) | 67 (34) | 40 (20) | 10 (5) | 0.782 | 93(47) | 24(12) | 0.009 |
| carboplatin | 31 (16) | 17 (9) | 10 (5) | 4 (2) | 30(15) | 1(1) | |||
| Chemoradiation | 15 (7.5) | 5 (33) | 8 (54) | 2 (13) | 14 (93) | 1 (7) | |||
| BSC | 37 (19) | 14 (38) | 14 (38) | 9 (24) | 30 (81) | 7 (19) | |||
| Curative surgery after diagnosis of aUC | 0.117 | 0.774 | |||||||
| No | 166 (83) | 80 (48) | 64 (39) | 22 (13) | 140 (84) | 26 (16) | |||
| Yes | 34 (17) | 23 (68) | 8 (24) | 3 (8) | 28 (82) | 6 (18) | |||
| Administration of pembrolizumab for 2nd or later line therapy | 32 (16) | 19 (59) | 12 (38) | 1 (3) | 0.206 | 31 (18) | 1 (3) | 0.030 | |
| Hemoglobin (g/dL) * | 12 (3.1–18) | 13 (7.7–18) | 11 (6.2–16) | 11 (3.1–13) | <0.001 | 12 (3.1–18) | 12 (6.2–15) | 0.109 | |
| Neutrophil (×103/μL) * | 4.9 (1.1–56) | 5.2 (1.1–31) | 4.3 (1.8–12) | 6.7 (1.7–56) | 0.011 | 6.9 (1.0–59) | 8.0 (4.2–18) | 0.060 | |
| Lymphocyte (×103/µL) * | 1.5 (0.17–4.3) | 1.8 (1.2–4.3) | 1.1 (0.64–2.7) | 1.1 (0.17–2.3) | <0.001 | 1.4 (0.17–4.0) | 1.8 (0.52–4.3) | 0.030 | |
| Creatinine (mg/dL) * | 1.0 (0.49–16) | 1.1 (0.49–4.3) | 1.0 (0.50–3.1) | 1.1 (0.50–16) | 0.298 | 1.0 (0.50–16) | 1.0 (0.50–3.1) | 0.450 | |
| Albumin (g/dL) * | 4.0 (2.7–5.0) | 4.1 (3.6–5.0) | 4.0 (3.2–4.9) | 3.2 (2.7–4.2) | <0.001 | 4 (2.7–5.0) | 4 (2.8–4.7) | 0.979 | |
| ALP (U/L) * | 261 (92–3351) | 253 (92–1539) | 258 (103–3351) | 307 (212–682) | 0.006 | 266 (92–3351) | 237 (147–586) | 0.142 | |
| LDH (U/L) * | 191 (118–2970) | 191 (119–2482) | 191 (118–2970) | 212 (129–386) | 0.382 | 192 (129–2970) | 187 (118–880) | 0.288 | |
| Corrected calcium (mg/dL) * | 8.8 (7.6–14) | 8.8 (7.6–14) | 8.7 (7.9–11) | 8.8 (7.6–11) | 0.829 | 8.8 (7.6–14) | 8.7 (7.9–9.3) | 0.168 | |
| CRP (mg/L) * | 6.0 (0.00–266) | 3.0 (0.40–115) | 5.7 (0.00–266) | 34 (0.60–139) | <0.001 | 6.4 (0.0–266) | 6.0 (0.60–65) | 0.632 | |
| Total cholesterol (mg/dL) * | 183 (98–275) | 195 (140–271) | 175 (98–275) | 167 (118–224) | <0.001 | 169 (126–240) | 187 (98–275) | 0.039 | |
| SMI (cm2/m2) * | 37 (16–64) | 38 (21–64) | 36 (16–62) | 33 (18–54) | 0.017 | 35 (16–51) | 53 (39–64) | <0.001 | |
| CONUT score * | 2 (0–8) | 1 (0–1) | 2 (2–3) | 5 (4–8) | - | 2 (0–8) | 1 (0–7) | 0.416 | |
| Sarcopenia | 0.219 | - | |||||||
| Yes | 168 (84) | 82 (80) | 64 (89) | 22 (88) | 168 (100) | 0 (0) | |||
| No | 32 (16) | 21 (20) | 8 (11) | 3 (12) | 0 (0) | 32 (100) | |||
CONUT, controlling nutritional status; ECOG PS, Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status; BMI, body mass index; UT, upper tract; UC, urothelial carcinoma; BSC, best supportive care; ALP, alkaline phosphatase; LDH, lactate dehydrogenase; CRP, C-reactive protein; SMI, skeletal mass index. * Median (range).