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. 2022 Oct 18;29(10):7868–7886. doi: 10.3390/curroncol29100622

Table 1.

Clinical application of second-generation boron delivery agents.

Institution Year Tumor Type Medicine and Administration Clinical Outcome Ref.
Osaka
University, Japan
2001–2009 HNC 26 BSH, 0 or 5 g/body in 1 h (12 h before BNCT)
BPA, 250 or 500 mg/kg in 1 h (1 h before BNCT)
(Some patients received 2–3 BNCT sessions)
MST: 13.6 M (post-BNCT)
6-year OS: 24%
[56]
Kyoto
University,
Japan
2001–2007 HNC 62 BSH, 0 or 5 g/body in 1 h (12 h before BNCT)
BPA, 250 or 500 mg/kg in 2–3 h (2 h before BNCT)
MST: 10.1 M (post-BNCT)
1-year OS: 42%
2-year OS: 24%
[57]
2012 r Lung
Cancer 01
BPA, 400 mg/kg in 2 h (2 h before BNCT)
BPA, 100 mg/kg in 1 h (during BNCT)
(After one month, they received the second BNCT session)
PFS: 7 M [58]
JRR-4,
University of Tsukuba,
Japan
1999–2002 nGBM 05 BSH, 100 mg/kg in 1~1.5 h
(IO-BNCT)
MST: 23.2 M (post-BNCT) [59]
1999–2002 AA 04 BSH, 100 mg/kg in 1~1.5 h
(IO-BNCT)
MST: 25.9 M (post-BNCT) [59]
1998–2007 nGBM 07 BSH, 5 g/body in 1 h
(IO-BNCT)
MST: 23.3 M (post-BNCT)
TTP: 12.0 M (post-BNCT)
2-year OS: 43%
[59]
1998–2007 nGBM 08 BSH, 5 g/body in 1 h
BPA, 250 mg/kg in 1 h
(BNCT and XRT)
MST: 27.1 M (post-BNCT)
TTP: 11.9 M (post-BNCT)
2-year OS: 63%
[60]
2007 HNC 01 BPA, 400 mg/kg in 2 h (2 h before BNCT)
BPA, 100 mg/kg in 1 h (during BNCT)
(After one month, they received the second BNCT session)
6 M after first BNCT, the tumor shrank significantly
OS: NA
[61]
Tokushima University, Japan 1998–2000 nGBM 06 BSH, 100 mg/kg (12–15 h before BNCT)
(IO-BNCT)
MST: 15.3 M (post-diagnosis)
2-year OS: 0%
[62,63,64]
2001–2004 nGBM 11 BSH, 100 mg/kg (12–15 h before BNCT)
(IO-BNCT)
MST: 19.5 M (post-diagnosis)
2-year OS: 27.3%
3-year OS: 27.3%
[62,63,64]
2001–2004 nGBM 06 BSH, 100 mg/kg (12 h before BNCT)
BPA, 250 mg/kg (1 h before BNCT)
MST: 26.2 M (post-diagnosis)
2-year OS: 50.0%
3-year OS: 16.7%
[62,63,64]
2002–2003 nGBM 03
rGBM 07
BSH, 5 g/body in 1 h (12 h before BNCT)
BPA, 250 mg/kg in 1 h (1 h before BNCT)
MST: 14.5 M (post-BNCT) [65]
KURR, Osaka
Medical
College,
Japan
2002–2007 rGBM 19 BSH, 100 mg/kg in 1 h (12 h before BNCT)
BPA, 250 mg/kg in 1 h or 700 mg/kg in 6 h
(6 h before BNCT)
MST: 10.8 M (post-BNCT) [66]
2002–2004 nGBM 10 BSH, 100 mg/kg in 1 h (12 h before BNCT)
BPA, 250 mg/kg in 1 h (6 h before BNCT)
MST: 14.1 M (post-BNCT) [20,67]
2003–2006 nGBM 11 BSH, 100 mg/kg in 1 h (12 h before BNCT)
BPA, 250 mg/kg in 1 h (6 h before BNCT)
(BNCT and XRT)
MST: 23.5 M (post-BNCT) [20,67]
2010–2013 nGBM 32 BSH, 5 g/body in 1 h (12 h before BNCT)
BPA, 500 mg/kg in 3 h (2 h before BNCT)
(BNCT, XRT and TMZ)
MST: 21.1 M (post-BNCT)
(2-year OS: 45.5%)
[68]
2005–2011 rMM19 BSH, 0 or 2.5 or 5.0 g/body in 1 h
(12 h before BNCT)
BPA, 400 mg/kg in 2 h (2 h before BNCT)
BPA, 100 mg/kg in 1 h (during BNCT)
MST: 14.1 M (post-BNCT)
MST: 45.7 M (post-diagnosis)
[69]
2013–2018 rGBM 10 BPA, 400 mg/kg in 2 h (2 h before BNCT)
BPA, 100 mg/kg in 1 h (during BNCT)
(BNCT and Bevacizumab)
MST: 12 M (post-BNCT)
TTP: 5.4 M (post-BNCT)
[68,70]
2016–2018 rGBM 24 SPM-011, 400 mg/kg in 2 h (2 h before BNCT)
SPM-011, 100 mg/kg in 1 h (during BNCT)
MST: 18.9 M (post-BNCT)
1-year OS: 79.2%
[71]
High Flux
Reactor, Netherlands
1997–2002 nGBM 26 BSA, 100 mg/kg in 1.7 h MST: 10.4–13.2 M [68,72]
FiR-1 or
Triga
Mark II
Reactor,
Finland
1999–2001 nGBM 18 BPA, 290~400 mg/kg in 2 h
(irradiation started 45 min after injection)
6 MOS: 100% (post-BNCT)
1-year OS: 61% (post-BNCT)
[73]
1999–2001 rGBM 03 BPA, 290 mg/kg in 2 h
(irradiation started 45 min after injection)
OS: 5 M, 7 M, >12 M
(post-BNCT)
[73]
2001–2008 rGBM 20
AA 02
BPA, 290~450 mg/kg in 2 h (2 h before BNCT) MST: 7 M (post-BNCT)
TTP: 3 M (post-BNCT)
1-year OS: 36%
[74]
2003–2012 rHNC 79 BPA, 350~400 mg/kg in 2 h (2 h before BNCT)
(39 patients received a second BNCT session)
MST: 10 M (post-BNCT)
2-year OS: 21%
[75,76,77]
Nyköping hospital, Sweden,
R2-0 reactor
2001–2002 nGBM 17 BPA, 900 mg/kg in 6 h (8–9 h before BNCT) MST: 12.4 M (post-BNCT) [78]
2001–2003 nGBM 29 BPA, 900 mg/kg in 6 h (8 h before BNCT)
(13 patients received BNCT and TMZ)
TTP (total): 5.8 M (post-BNCT)
MST (total): 14.2 M (post-BNCT)
MST (B): 11.6 M (post-BNCT)
MST (B + T): 17.7 M (post-BNCT)
[79,80]
2001–2005 rGBM 12 BPA, 900 mg/kg in 6 h (8 h before BNCT) MST: 8.7 M (post-BNCT)
MST: 22.2 M (post-diagnosis)
TTP: 6 M (post-BNCT, 11 cases)
[81]
2003–2004 Case1: rMM
Case2: rSC
BPA, 900 mg/kg in 6 h (8 h before BNCT) Case 1, PFS: 22 M (post-BNCT)
OS: 32 M (post-BNCT)
Case 2, PFS: 6 M (post-BNCT)
OS: >26 M (post-BNCT)
[82]
LVR-15
Reactor, Czech
Republic
2000–2002 nGBM 05 BSH, 100 mg/kg in 1 h TTP: 2.5–6 M (4 cases)
(One patient died of pulmonary embolism in the first week after irradiation)
[83]
BMRR, U.S. 1994–1999 nGBM 53 BPA, 250~330 mg/kg in 2 h
(irradiation started 45 min after injection)
TTP: 18–34.5 W (post-diagnosis)
MST: 12.8 M (post-diagnosis)
2-year OS: 9.4%
[84]
Harvard and
MIT, U.S.
1996–1999 nGBM 20 BPA, 250–350 mg/kg in 1~1.5 h
(irradiation started 45 min after injection)
MST: 11.1 M [3,85,86]
2002–2003 nGBM 06 BPA, 14 g/m2 in 1.5 h
(irradiation started 45 min after injection)
NA [87]
THOR,
National Tsing Hua University, Taiwan, China
2010–2013 rHNC 17 BPA, 360 mg/kg in 2 h (2 h before BNCT)
BPA, 45 mg/kg in 30 min (during BNCT)
(15 patients received a second BNCT session)
2-year local area control rate: 28%
2-year OS: 47%
[88]
2014–2018 rHNC 07 BPA, 360 mg/kg in 2 h (2 h before BNCT)
BPA, 45 mg/kg in 30 min (during BNCT)
(BNCT and IG-IMRT)
1-year OS: 56% [88]
KURR,
Japan
1987–2001 MM 22 BPA, 170–200 mg/kg in 3~5 h CR: 73% (16/22)
PR: 23% (5/22)
[89]
2012 EMPD 02 NA PFS: >12 M [90]
2005–2014 MM 01
EMPD 03
BPA, 160 mg/kg in 2 h (2 h before BNCT)
BPA, 40 mg/kg in 1 h (during BNCT)
OS (Melanoma): 1.1 years
OS (EMPD, 2 cases): >6 years
(One EMPD patient died of heart disease after 3.2 years)
[91]
RA-6,
Argentina
2003–2007 MM 07 BPA, 14 g/m2 in 1.5 h
(1 patient received a second BNCT session)
ORR: 69.3%
CR: 9–100%
[92]

HNC, head and neck cancer; GBM, glioblastoma; AA, Anaplastic Astroglioma; MM, meningioma; SC, Stromal Chondrosarcoma; EMPD, extramammary Paget’s disease; IO-BNCT, intraoperative BNCT; n, newly diagnosed; r, recurrent; NA, not available; TMZ, temozolomide; XRT, X-ray treatment; n-year OS, n-year overall survival rate.