Effect of TXNIP on STAT3/IL-1A-mediated SASP in IGF1-induced senescence. (A–C) Primary skin fibroblasts were treated with IGF1 for 11 days (lane 2), transfected with a TXNIP-GFP vector during the last 24 h of IGF1 treatment (lane 3), or serum-starved for the entire period and transfected with an empty pcDNA-GFP plasmid (lane 1). Cells were then lysed and the levels of the indicated proteins were measured by Western blots. (D) Scanning densitometry analysis of JAK2, STAT3, NFkB, T-AMPK and IL-6 levels in IGF1-treated and IGF1-treated/TXNIP-transfected cells relative to serum-starved, empty vector-transfected cells. (E) RT-QPCR analysis of IL-1A mRNA levels in control, IGF1-treated and IGF1/TXNIP-treated fibroblasts. (F) RT-QPCR analysis of STING-alpha, interferon-alpha and IL-1B mRNA levels in control, IGF1-treated and IGF1/TXNIP-treated fibroblasts. * p-value ≤ 0.05; ** p-value ≤ 0.01; *** p-value ≤ 0.001; **** p-value ≤ 0.0001.