Table 1.

Overview of the basic metabolic function of PPAR isotypes.

PPAR Isotype	Site of Elevated Expression	Cellular Mechanisms Initiated	Biological Function	Genes Targeted	References
PPAR-α	Heart, liver and kidney	β-oxidation of fatty acids, synthesis of lipoprotein and regulating metabolic pathways of amino acids	Complementation of metabolic reaction to fasting	Hydroxymethylglutaryl CoA synthase 2 (HMG-CoA S2)	[15]
PPAR-β/δ	Adipocytes and macrophages	Differentiation pathways of adipocytes and production of triglycerides	Differentiation pathways of adipocytes and fatty acid trapping	Fatty acid binding protein 4 (FABP4)	[16]
PPAR-γ	Adipocytes, skin and brain	β-oxidation of fatty acids	Coordination of muscle fibers and determination of its types	Acyl CoA Oxidase (AOX)	[17]