Table 3.
Effect of PPAR-γ partial agonists in disease-fate decision.
| PPAR-γ Partial Agonist | Type of Compound | Disease | Effect in Disease | References |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| SPPAR-γM5 | SPPAR-γM * | T2DM | Reduced the insulin resistance index | [69] |
| PAR-1622 * | SPPAR-γM | T2DM | Induced adipocyte differentiation and improved hyperglycemia | [214] |
| PAM-1616 * | SPPAR-γM | T2DM | Improved hyperglycemia | [223] |
| FK614 * | SPPAR-γM | T2DM | Reduced the insulin resistance index | [224] |
| F12016 * | SPPAR-γM | T2DM | Insulin-sensitizing and glucose-lowering properties | [132] |
| KDT501 * | Chemically derived from substituted 1,3-cyclopentadione | Inflammatory disorders | Anti-inflammatory effects in monocytes/macrophages | [225] |
| GQ-16 * | TZD-Derived | Obesity | Reduced high fat diet-induced weight gain | [211] |
| Cancer | Anti-proliferative effects in breast cancer | [212] | ||
| Telmisartan | Angiotensin type 1 receptor blocker | Inflammatory disorders | cerebroprotective effect | [213] |
| T2DM | Ameliorated vascular endothelial dysfunction and protected against diabetic vascular complications | [202] |
* SPPAR-γM-selective PPAR-γ modulators; PAR-1622-(S)-2-ethoxy-3(4-(5-(4-(5-(methoxymethyl)isoxazol-3-yl)phenyl)-3-methylthiophen-2-yl)methoxy)phenyl)propanoic Acid; PAM-1616-(S)-2-ethoxy-3-(4-((3-methyl-5-(4-(3-methylisoxazol-5-yl) phenyl) thiophen-2-yl) methoxy) phenyl) propanoic acid; FK614-3-(2,4-dichlorobenzyl)-2-methyl-N-(pentylsulfonyl)-3-Hbenzimidazole-5-carboxamide; F12016-2-[2-(1,2-dimethyl-1H-indol-3-yl)-2-oxo-acetylamino]-benzamide; KDT501-Potassium salt of the n-(isobutyl) congener of a tetrahydro iso-α acid; GQ-16-(5Z)-5-(5-bromo-2-methoxy-benzylidene)-3-(4-methyl-benzyl)-thiazolidine-2,4-dione.