Table 4.

Binding energies, at. % and interpretation of the components of the core levels of interest for the thermally treated samples.

Sample	Core Levels		BE (eV)	at. (%)	Interpretation
TiO2−Zn 2.0% TT	Ti 2p	C1	458.58	0.78	Ti(IV) vol.
		C2	459.78	39.04	Ti(IV) surf.
	O 1s	C1	529.85	48.77	Ti(IV) (vol + surf)
		C2	531.22	9.21	Ti(IV) + Zn(II) + cont
	Zn 2p	C1	1021.85	2.2	Zn(II)
TiO2−Cu 2.0% TT	Ti 2p	C1	457.29	6.8	Ti(II)
		C2	458.56	12.42	Ti(IV) vol.
		C3	459.97	18.12	Ti(IV) surf.
	O 1s	C1	529.43	29.96	Ti(IV) (vol + surf)
		C2	531.13	30.19	Cu(I) + cont
	Cu 2p	C1	930.95	0.32	Cu(0)
		C2	931.91	2.19	Cu(I)