Table 4.
Association of sociodemographic and primary coping styles with mental disorders among the LGBT+ community in Malaysia.
| Factors | Crude OR (95% CI) | p Value | Adjusted OR (95% CI) | p Value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age Group | ||||
| <25 years old (R) | ||||
| 25–35 years old | 1.591 (0.590, 4.287) | 0.359 | ||
| >35 years old | 0.909 (0.229, 3.604) | 0.892 | ||
| Gender | ||||
| Male (R) | ||||
| Female | 3.157 (0.877, 11.366) | 0.079 | ||
| Trans man | 2.0929 (0.232, 17.759) | 0.523 | ||
| Trans woman | 1.353 (0.144, 12.731) | 0.792 | ||
| Others | 2.706 (0.578, 12.674) | 0.206 | ||
| Sexual Orientation | ||||
| Homosexual (Lesbian or gay) (R) | ||||
| Asexual | 1.015 (0.101, 10.243) | 0.990 | 0.142 (0.006, 3.599) | 0.237 |
| Bisexual | 3.721 (1.042, 13.288) | 0.043 1 | 1.097 (0.089, 13.560) | 0.048 1 |
| Heterosexual | 0.338 (0.045, 2.540) | 0.292 | 0.076 (0.004, 1.356) | 0.080 |
| Others | 5.412 (0.680. 43.096) | 0.111 | 0.150 (0.018, 1.251) | 0.080 |
| Ethnics | ||||
| Chinese (R) | ||||
| Malay | 0.431 (0.169, 1.098) | 0.078 | ||
| Indian | 0.681 (0.181, 2.568) | 0.570 | ||
| Bumiputra Sabah and Sarawak | 2.213 (0.253, 19.335) | |||
| Other | ||||
| Religion | ||||
| Islam (R) | ||||
| Atheism | 0.780 (0.174, 3.503) | 0.746 | ||
| Buddhism | 0.220 (0.068, 0.709) | 0.011 | ||
| Christianity | 0.610 (0.177, 2.099) | 0.433 | ||
| Hinduism | 1.171 (0.124, 11.091) | 0.891 | ||
| Others | 0.622 (0.156, 2.486) | 0.502 | ||
| Area of Living | ||||
| Urban area (R) | ||||
| Suburban area | 2.595 (0.838, 8.036) | 0.098 | ||
| Rural area | 0.280 (0.053, 1.484) | 0.135 | ||
| States | ||||
| Semenanjung states (excluding FT) (R) | ||||
| Sabah and Sarawak | 0.582 (0.100, 3.384) | 0.547 | ||
| Wilayah Persekutuan | 2.475 (0.795, 7.702) | 0.118 | ||
| Outside of Malaysia | 1.456 (0.162, 13.094) | 0.738 | ||
| Education | ||||
| Tertiary (R) | ||||
| Secondary | 1.387 (0.291, 6.620) | 0.681 | ||
| Occupation | ||||
| Working (R) | ||||
| Studying | 1.199 (0.463, 3.107) | 0.708 | ||
| Unemployed | 4.921 (0.620, 39.071) | 0.132 | ||
| Colleagues’ Knowledge | ||||
| No (R) | ||||
| Yes | 1.757 (0.437, 7.063) | 0.427 | ||
| Some or maybe | 2.635 (0.785, 8.851) | 0.117 | ||
| Colleagues’ Support | ||||
| High (R) | ||||
| Moderate | 0.562 (0.208, 1.517) | 0.256 | ||
| Low | 1.956 (0.221, 17.315) | 0.547 | ||
| Income | ||||
| B40 (R) | ||||
| M40 | 0.638 (0.263, 1.545) | 0.638 | ||
| T20 | 0.990 (0.276, 3.543) | 0.990 | ||
| Family Knowledge | ||||
| Yes (R) | ||||
| No | 0.741 (0.295, 1.862) | 0.741 | ||
| Some | 3.394 (1.086, 10.608) | 3.394 | ||
| Family Support | ||||
| High (R) | ||||
| Moderate | 0.854 (0.294, 2.479) | 0.772 | ||
| Low | 1.016 (0.409, 2.525) | 0.972 | ||
| Friends’ Knowledge | ||||
| Yes (R) | ||||
| No | 0.052 (0.005, 0.541) | 0.013 1 | 34.475 (2.214, 536.886) | 0.011 1 |
| Some or maybe | 0.457 (0.196, 1.064) | 0.069 | 12.388 (0.821, 186.812) | 0.069 |
| Friends’ Support | ||||
| High (R) | ||||
| Moderate | 0.364 (0.146, 0.904) | 0.029 | ||
| Low | 0.273 (0.043, 1.749) | 0.171 | ||
| Problem-Focused Coping | ||||
| Yes (R) | ||||
| No | 3.799 (1.246, 11.585) | 0.0191 | 0.221 (0.030, 1.633) | 0.139 |
| Emotion-Focused Coping | ||||
| No (R) | ||||
| Yes | 3.290 (1.076, 10.060) | 0.037 1 | 0.867 (0.112, 6.697) | 0.892 |
| Avoidant Coping | ||||
| No (R) | ||||
| Yes |
* Based on the Department of Statistics Malaysia, the financial classification of monthly household income is as such: B40 = MYR 4849 or less, M40 = between MYR4850 and 10,959, and T20 = MYR 10,960 or more. 1 p < 0.05.