Table 2.

Single Nucleotide polymorphisms associated with treatment response.

Gene	Study Design	Race	SNP	Allele	Drug Class	Response Phenotype	Ref
CRHR1	Candidate gene study	Mixed	rs242941	C/A	ICS	Variants improves FEV1	[81]
			rs1876828	C/T
STIP1	Candidate gene study	Asian/Caucasian	rs2236647	C/T	ICS	Variants improves FEV1	[82,83]
			rs6591838	A/G
			rs1011219	G/A
			rs4980524	A/C
NR3C1	Candidate gene study	Caucasian	rs41423247	G/C	ICS	Variants improve FEV1	[84]
TBX21	Candidate gene study	Mixed	rs2240017	C/G	ICS	Variant improved airway hyperresponsiveness	[86,87]
GLCCI1	GWAS	Mixed	rs37973	G/T	ICS	rs37973 Wild-type allele had improved FEV1 and response to ICS compared to mutant allele	[90]
			rs37972	A/T
T gene	GWAS	Mixed	rs3127412	A/C	ICS	Wild-type allele had improved FEV1 and response to ICS compared to mutant allele	[91]
			rs6456042	C/A
			rs3099266	A/T
ADCY9	Candidate gene study	Mixed	rs2230739	T/C	ICS B2 agonist	Variants improved bronchodilator response	[98]
CYP3A4	Candidate gene study	Mixed	CYP3A4*22 allele		ICS	T-allele variants improved asthma control	[85]
FCER2	Candidate gene study	Mixed	rs28364072	A/G	ICS	Variants improve FEV1	[88,126,127]
VEGFA	Candidate gene study	Mixed	rs3025039	C/T	ICS	Variants improve FEV1	[89]
COL2A1	Candidate gene study	Mixed	rs3809324	G/T	ICS	Variants improve FEV1	[89]
IL-13	Candidate gene study	Mixed	rs20541	C/A	ICS	Variants improved FEV1	[93]
Vitamin D receptor	Candidate gene study	Middle eastern	FokI rs228570 Apal Rs7975232	T/C A/C	ICS	FokI variants are associated with GC-resistance	[97]
ADRB2	Candidate Gene Study	Mixed	rs1042716	G/T	SABA	Short-term use: Arg 16 has greater bronchodilation response than Gly 16 Long-term use: no allele effect	[99,100,101,102]
			rs11959427	A/C
ADCY9	Candidate gene study	Mixed	rs2230739	T/C	SABA	Acute FEV1 bronchodilation	[98]
CRHR2	Candidate Gene Study	Mixed /South American	rs7793837	A/T	SABA	Acute FEV1 bronchodilation	[108,109]
ARGI	Candidate Gene Study	Caucasian	rs2781659	A/G	SABA	Acute FEV1 bronchodilation	[110,111]
			rs2781667	C/T
ARG2	Candidate Gene Study	Caucasian	rs7140310	T/G	SABA	Acute FEV1 bronchodilation	[111]
			rs10483801	C/A
THRB	Candidate Gene Study	Caucasian	rs892940	G/A	SABA	Acute FEV1 bronchodilation	[113]
SPATS2L	GWAS	Caucasian	rs295137	C/T	SABA	Acute FEV1 bronchodilation	[114]
SPATA13-AS1	GWAS	Mixed/African American	rs912142	A/G	SABA	Acute FEV1 bronchodilation	[115,116]
SLC22A15	Admixture mapping	South American	rs1281748	A/G	SABA	Acute FEV1 bronchodilation	[109]
			rs1281743	G/A
PRKG1	Candidate Gene Study	Mixed	rs7081864 rs7903366	Admixture mapping	SABA	Acute FEV1 bronchodilation	[116,117]
ADRB2	Candidate Gene Study	Mixed	rs1042716	G/T	LABA	No allele effect	[105,106]
			rs1800888	C/T
ADCY9	Candidate Gene Study	Asian	rs2230739	T/C	LABA	Long-term increased FEV1 response	[107]
NOS3	Candidate Gene Study	Mixed	rs1799983	A/T	LABA	Acute FEV1 bronchodilation in Asp 298 Glu	[112]
ALOX5	Candidate Gene Study	Mixed	rs892690	C/T	Antileukotriene	Wild type allele increased BDR	[118,119]
			rs2115819	G/A
			rs10507391	C/A
			rs4986832	G/A
			rs4987105	C/T
LTC4	Candidate Gene Study	Mixed	rs272431	G/T	Antileukotriene	Mutant allele increased BDR	[120,121]
			rs730012	A/C
MRP1	Candidate Gene Study	Mixed	rs119774	C/T	Antileukotriene	Mutant allele increased BDR	[121]
			rs215066	G/A
LTA4	Candidate Gene Study	Mixed	rs2660845	A/G	Antileukotriene	Wild type allele decreased asthma exacerbations	[122]
SLCo2B1	Candidate Gene Study	Mixed	rs12422149	G/A	Antileukotriene	Increased symptom control	[123]

Definition of abbreviations: FEV1 = forced expiratory volume in one second; GC = glucocorticoid; ICS = inhaled corticosteroid; LABA = long-acting β-agonist; SABA = short-acting β-agonist; SNP = single nucleotide polymorphism.