Table 5.

Summary of key Blockchain applications in healthcare.

S/No.	Blockchain Applications	Summary	References
1.	Patient’s data storage	The patient’s biodata and medical history are recorded in EHR format by the healthcare provider which can be stored on blockchain-enable platforms. In this case, healthcare providers can traverse the stored data and check for validity seamlessly by regularly matching health records stored on the Blockchain system. Besides, Blockchain provides cryptographic methods, which can be useful in the safeguarding of data and data sharing.	[174,183,184]
2.	Data Validation	Deployment of blockchain can adequately validate data at any point. All transactions are algorithmically validated and linked together in a Blockchain system.	[185,186,187]
3.	Smooth and transparent data manipulation	Blockchain can provide a smooth data exchange among health providers that could enhance diagnostic procedures and precision. Blockchain allows multiple HMS to stay in contact and exchange data on a shared distributed ledger for improved security and accountability.	[188,189,190]
4.	Overhead cost and time reduction	Blockchain systems can easily address the interoperability issue, of missing data in healthcare systems. Health providers will have overview access to patients’ records without the need for third-party applications. This invariably minimizes the cost and time of data transformation.	[191,192,193]
5.	Patient Monitoring	Blockchain may be used with IoT technology to increase the adaptability and integrity of the supply chain, making healthcare logistics increasingly accessible for effective healthcare management.	[194,195,196]