Table 2.
Comparison between subjects with α-Syn deposits and subjects without α-Syn deposits in each clinical group.
| PD | iRBD | Healthy Controls | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| With α-Syn Deposits |
Without α-Syn Deposits |
p ‡ | With α-Syn Deposits |
Without α-Syn Deposits |
p ‡ | With α-Syn Deposits |
Without α-Syn Deposits |
p ‡ | |
| Demography Number (%) |
17 (63%) | 10 (37%) | 8 (50%) | 8 (50%) | 7(39%) | 11 (61.1%) | |||
| Gender (Male) | 10 (58.8%) | 7 (70.0%) | 0.69 | 8 (100.0%) | 7 (87.5%) | 1.000 | 3 (42.9%) | 4 (36.4%) | 1.000 |
| Age (years) | 64. ± 9.4 | 61.8 ± 8.4 | 0.547 | 69.1 ± 4.8 | 67.2 ± 6.6 | 0.600 | 59.8 ± 10.3 | 64.9 ± 7.9 | 0.342 |
| Educational level | 5.6 ± 1.8 | 5.9 ± 1.4 | 0.643 | 6.7 ± 0.7 | 6.9 ± 0.3 | 0.927 | 6.71 ± 0.49 | 6.5 ± 0.9 | 0.954 |
| Clinical data | |||||||||
| Age at onset (years) | 62.5 ± 9.4 | 59.7 ± 8.5 | 0.482 | 59.8 ± 13.0 | 59.4 ± 8.8 | 0.565 | NA | NA | NA |
| Disease duration (months) | 19.7 ± 12.6 | 24.9 ± 13.2 | 0.248 | 100.0 ± 118.8 | NA | NA | NA | ||
| Dopaminergic agonists | 50.2 ± 88.7 | 118.1 ± 74.8 | 0.019 * | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA |
| Levodopa | 139.7 ± 180.1 | 219.9 ± 173.5 | 0.237 | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA |
| LEDD | 291.8 ± 175.3 | 418.0 ± 157.8 | 0.211 | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA |
| Clinical scores | |||||||||
| MoCA (/30) | 27.6 ± 2.2 | 27.5 ± 1.9 | 0.738 | 28.2 ± 1.6 | 27.2 ± 3.0 | 0.591 | 27.6 ± 1.7 | 28.0 ± 1.4 | 0.577 |
| MDS-UPDRS I | 9.6 ± 4.2 | 9.9 ± 2.7 | 0.631 | 6.2 ± 3.3 | 8.7 ± 2.4 | 0.064 | 5.6 ± 3.1 | 4.7 ± 2.4 | 0.291 |
| MDS-UPDRS II | 8.3 ± 3.6 | 8.8 ± 3.3 | 0.577 | 1.9 ± 1.2 | 0.9 ± 0.8 | 0.091 | 0.6 ± 1.0 | 0.9 ± 1.4 | 0.665 |
| MDS-UPDRS III Off Med | 30.8 ± 9.9 | 32.9 ± 8.2 | 0.258 | 8.0 ± 4.2 | 11.7 ± 3.1 | 0.071 | 2.57 ± 2.1 | 8.3 ± 8.4 | 0.102 |
| MDS-UPDRS III On Med | 27.2 ± 7.1 | 28.2 ± 8.0 | 0.731 | ||||||
| MDS-UPDRS IV | 0.3± 1.0 | 0.0 ± 0.0 | 0.269 | 0.0 ± 0.0 | 0.0 ± 0.0 | 0.0 ± 0.0 | 0.0 ± 0.0 | ||
| Hoehn and Yahr | 2.1 ± 0.2 | 2.0 ± 0.0 | 0.443 | 0.6 ± 0.9 | 0.2 ± 0.7 | 0.298 | 0.0 ± 0.0 | 0.3 ± 0.9 | 0.425 |
| SCOPA-AUT | 13.1 ± 7.1 | 9.4 ± 3.9 | 0.158 | 10.4 ± 5.4 | 9.9 ± 5.9 | 0.791 | 6.3 ± 5.4 | 5.2 ± 3.5 | 0.964 |
| NMSS | 8.1 ± 4.0 | 7.8 ± 3.8 | 0.899 | 8.1 ± 3.5 | 9.7 ± 4.0 | 0.337 | 3.3 ± 3.4 | 3.2 ± 3.0 | 0.927 |
| UPSIT | 24.3 ± 4.3 | 18.2 ± 4.7 | 0.003 * | 19.1 ± 2.8 | 20.1 ± 6.7 | 0.833 | 34.0 ± 3.5 | 31.7 ± 7.8 | 0.728 |
| SNc measurements | |||||||||
| Volume (mm3) | 242.3 ± 47.6 | 224.0 ± 42.5 | 0.535 | 247.1 ± 19.54 | 242.99 ± 18.64 | 0.699 | 255.4 ± 53.9 | 259.6 ± 61.01 | 0.958 |
| Signal-to-Noise Ratio (SNR) | 109.9 ± 1.6 | 109.7 ± 1.5 | 0.770 | 112.2 ± 2.0 | 110.9 ± 2.1 | 0.418 | 111.4 ± 1.3 | 111.9 ± 2.6 | 0.380 |
Notes. Data are given as mean ± standard deviation for continuous variables and as count (percentages) for categorical variables. * The level of significance was set at p < 0.05. ‡ Wilcoxon–Mann–Whitney tests were used to compare groups for continuous variables and Fisher’s exact test for categorical variables. Abbreviations: LEDD Levodopa Equivalent Daily Dose; MoCA = Montreal Cognitive Assessment; MDS-UPDRS = Movement Disorders Society Unified Parkinson’s Disease Rating Scale; SCOPA-AUT = Scales for Outcomes in Parkinson’s disease—Autonomic; NMSS = Non-Motor Symptoms Scale; UPSIT = University of Pennsylvania Smell Identification Test. Sociocultural level score ranges from 0–7. Cognition score ranges: MoCA total score 0–30; (high scores = better cognitive performances). Motor score ranges: MDS-UPDRS score ranges: MDS-UPDRS I 0–52, MDS-UPDRS II 0–52, MDS-UPDRS III 0–132, MDS-UPDRS IV 0–24 (high scores = worse clinical assessment); Hoehn and Yahr staging 0–5 (low scores = better clinical assessment); Non-motor score ranges: SCOPA-AUT 0–69; NMSS 0–30 (high scores = worse autonomic functions); UPSIT 0–40 (low scores = worse smell assessment).