Table 3.
Multivariable-adjusted odds ratios (95% CI) for prevalence of hearing loss in pre-sarcopenia, obesity, and pre-sarcopenic obesity.
| Control 1 | Pre-Sarcopenia Alone | Obesity Alone | Pre-Sarcopenic Obesity | p Value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Model 1 | 1.0 (Ref) | 1.27 (1.15–1.39) | 1.70 (1.61–1.80) | 3.77 (3.34–4.25) | <0.0001 |
| Model 2 | 1.0 (Ref) | 1.15 (1.02–1.29) | 1.27 (1.19–1.36) | 1.33 (1.14–1.57) | <0.0001 |
| Model 3 | 1.0 (Ref) | 1.19 (1.06–1.34) | 1.20 (1.12–1.28) | 1.30 (1.10–1.56) | <0.0001 |
1 Control = non-pre-sarcopenia and non-obesity. Model 1: crude analysis. Model 2: age, sex, screening center, current smoker, heavy drinker, and regular physical activity. Model 3: Model 2 + hypertension, HbA1c, and HDL-C. Abbreviations: CI, confidence interval; HbA1c, glycated hemoglobin; HDL-C, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol.