Table 2.

Benefits of banana inflorescence and their applications.

Biological Activities	Chemical Components	Extraction Method	Main Findings	Applications	References
Antioxidant activities	Total phenolics, flavonoids, tannins	70% aqueous acetone extracts	In the β-carotene linoleic acid system, extracts showed radical scavenging (ABTS, DPPH, and superoxide), and prevention of lipid peroxidation	Reduces the chance of diseases such as cardiovascular disease and diabetes. Chicken with banana inflorescence, burger	[51]
	Total phenolics	Methanol extracts	Extracts demonstrated lipid peroxidation inhibition in the β-carotene linoleic acid system, ferric-reducing antioxidant power (FRAP), and free radical scavenging activities (ABTS, DPPH)		[52]
	Dietary fiber and associated polyphenols	Water-soluble polysaccharides and fractions	Polysaccharide fractions had DPPH radical scavenging, FRAP, and metal chelating activities		[37]
	Umbelliferone and lupeol	bioassay-guided isolation of an ethanol extract	Extracts and isolated substances demonstrated reducing capability, an inhibitory impact against lipid peroxidation, and the ability to scavenge free radicals (ABTS, DPPH, and superoxide)		[53]
Anti-diabetic activities	Total phenolics; phenolic acids	extracts with water and different organic solvents	In Ehrlich ascites tumor cells, extracts had various degrees of stimulatory effects on glucose uptake	As a potential antidiabetic agent	[54]
	Gallic acid, quercetin and epicatechin	Extracts of methanol and its fractions (petroleum ether, ethyl acetate and water fractions)	Intragastric administration of the ethyl acetate part (200 mg/kg body weight/day) for 60 days resulted in a significant decrease in blood glucose levels, lipid peroxidation products		[45]
	β-sitosterol, 31-norcyclolaudenone, and (24R)-4α, 14α. 4-trimethyl-5α-cholesta-8, 25(27)-dien-3β-ol	Ethanol extract	Isolated substances prevented the production of AGEs in the BSA-fructose model and the activity of α-glucosidase and α-amylase		[55]
Anti-disease activities	GCMS profiling was used to identify steroids, fatty acids, and long chain aliphatic chemicals.	Ethanol extracts	Extracts significantly slowed the expansion of HT-29 and other cell lines	Anti-cancer drug that induces apoptosis in cancer cells	[48]
	Polyphenols	Methanol and ethyl acetate extracts	Based on information from cellular and proteomic techniques, in HT-29 cells, methanol extract resulted in apoptotic cell death		[56]
Cardiovascular protective activities	ND	Methanol and ethyl acetate extracts	LDL oxidation and ACE activity were both reduced by methanol extract.		[48]
Anti-microbial	Total phenolics	Methanol extract	Extracts showed various degrees of antibacterial activity against a number of harmful microorganisms that can be found in food	Food preservations	[57]
	polyphenols, steroids	Extracts were made using water and a variety of organic solvents, including petroleum ether, isopropanol, chloroform, ethyl acetate, hexane, methanol, and ethanol	Extracts showed variable degrees of antibacterial activity against certain Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria		[58]
Anti-inflammatory	Gallic acid, quercetin and epicatechin	Extracts of methanol and its fractions (water, petroleum ether, and ethyl acetate fractions)	In the liver of streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats, the ethyl acetate fraction downregulated the mRNA expression of TNF-α, TGF-β1, NF-κB, and IL-6 and suppressed the activity of 5-LOX and COX-2 in monocytes	Anti-inflammatory drugs	[45]
Anti-obesity	Total phenolics	Water extracts	Pancreatic lipase activity was reduced by water extracts	Weight loss potential	[59]

Note: ND, not determined.