Characterization of ΔmtrAB mutants overexpressing wild-type, phosphorylation-defective, or phosphorylation-mimicking MtrA strains at different pHs. (A) Growth curves of the Dietzia sp. DQ12-45-1b wild-type strain carrying pNV18 or the ΔmtrAB mutant carrying pNV18 (empty plasmid), pNV18-mtrAB, pNV18-mtrA, pNV18-mtrAD56E, or pNV18-mtrAD56N, respectively, at pH 8 and pH 10. Sampling points for RNA-seq analyses of wild-type and ΔmtrAB mutant strains are indicated by black and red arrows, respectively. (B) Representative micrographs of the above-mentioned strains examined by bright-field microscopy. (C) Distribution curves of cell lengths at pH 8 and pH 10 of ~200 cells/sample from panel B were measured using Digimizer software.