TABLE 2.
Prevalence of drug-resistant superbugs and the related genes detected from GI endoscope samples
| Antibiotic-resistant threat | Prevalence ratio [n (%)] | Related transposable resistance gene(s) | Source(s) | Location |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii (CRAB) | 6/133 (3.7) | OXA-23, OXA-24, OXA-58, VIM | Colonoscopes, duodenoscopes, gastroscopes | Hospitals II, XI, XV |
| Carbapenem-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa (CRPA) | 11/133 (8.3) | IMP, VIM, GES, SIM, KPC | Colonoscopes, duodenoscopes, gastroscopes, AERs | Hospitals IV, V, VIII, IX, XII |
| Carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae (CRE) | 4/133 (3) | KPC, NDM | Colonoscopes, linear echoendoscopes | Hospitals IV, VII, XIV |
| ESBL-producing Enterobacteriaceae (EPE) | 39/133 (29.3) | CTX-M, TEM, SHV, VEB | Colonoscopes, duodenoscopes, gastroscopes, linear echoendoscopes, AERs | Hospitals I, II, III, IV, VI, VII, VIII, IX, X, XI, XII, XIV, XV |
| MDR Clostridioides difficile (tcdA+, tcdB+) | 9/133 (6.8) | vanG, ermB | Colonoscopes, duodenoscopes | Hospitals I, VIII, X, XI |
| Vancomycin-resistant enterococci (VRE) | 3/133 (2.2) | vanA | Colonoscopes | Hospitals IV, XIV, XV |
| Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) | 2/133 (2.2) | mecA | Gastroscope, linear echoendoscopes | Hospitals VIII, XII |
| MDR Candida | 5/133 (3.7) | NDa | Colonoscopes, duodenoscopes, gastroscopes | Hospitals I, III, VI |
a
ND, not-determined.