Figure 3.

Changes in (A) phenotype, (B) endogenous spermidine content, (C) fresh weight of above-ground biomass, (D) dry weight of above-ground biomass, (E) dry to fresh weight ratio, (F) leaf length, and (G) leaf width of wild type (WT) and transgenic Arabidopsis thaliana overexpressing the TrSAMS (OE4 and OE5) involved in spermidine biosynthesis under normal condition and heat stress. Vertical bars indicate ±SE of mean (n = 4). Different letters above column indicate significant differences (p ≤ 0.05) among treatments under a particular condition (normal condition or heat stress). The asterisk “*” indicates significant differences (p ≤ 0.05) for a particular material (WT, OE4, or OE5) for comparison between normal condition and heat stress.