| Authors | Experimental Intervention | Intervention Themes |
Results (Compared to
Control Group) |
Results Themes | Medical Outcomes Reported | Medical Outcome Themes | Study Design |
| Borosund et al. | Internet-based patient-provider communication service | Web-based (eHealth) | Intervention group reported significantly lower symptom distress, anxiety, and depression | Improved in at least one area | nurse-administered IPPC alone can significantly reduce depression, decreased symptom distress, decreased anxiety | Improved mental health | RCT |
| Improved mental health | Improved mental health | ||||||
| Improved mental health | Improved mental health | ||||||
| Improved mental health | Improved mental health | ||||||
| Improved mental health | |||||||
| Freeman et al. | Telemedicine (TD) [vs live vs wait list] | Web-based (eHealth) | TD (and Live) reported less fatigue, cognitive dysfunction, and sleep disturbance with WL | Improved sleep outcomes | improvements in multiple QOL domains for breast cancer survivors compared with WL. Less fatigue, less cognitive dysfunction, fewer sleep disturbances |
Improved sleep outcomes | RCT |
| Improved sleep outcomes | Improved sleep outcomes | ||||||
| Improved sleep outcomes | Improved sleep outcomes | ||||||
| Wheelock et al. | SIS.NET (online questionnairre with remove NP overview and follow-up) | Web-based (eHealth) | patients reported more new or changed symptoms compared with standard care patients | Improved in at least one area | This intervention facilitated symptom reporting and may provide a means of convenient symptom assessment | Provided education/answered questions | RCT |
| Improved social support/answered questions | |||||||
| Galiano-Castillo et al. | Internet-based, tailored exercise program | Web-based (eHealth) | telerehabilitation group improved significantly global health status, physical, role, cognitive functioning and arm symptoms, as well as pain severity, and pain interference, compared with the control group. | Improved in at least one area | Improved physical health, cognitive functioning, pain severity, and pain interference | Improved physical health | RCT |
| Improved global health/baseline function | Improved sleep outcomes | ||||||
| Improved sleep outcomes | Less pain | ||||||
| Less numbness/pain/swelling | Improved quality of life | ||||||
| Improved quality of life | |||||||
| Admiraal et al. | web-based psychoeducation for breast cancer (ENCOURAGE) | Web-based (eHealth) | No statistically significant differences between control and intervention for optimism or control over future | Improved in at least one area | For clinical distressed patients, use of the intervention increased optimism and control over future | Improved mental health | RCT |
| Improved mental health | Improvements not statistically significant | ||||||
| No statistically significant differences | |||||||
| Fazzino et al. | telephone (weekly) | Telephone | No control group. Distance-based weight loss program can be successful | Improved in at least one area | Moderate-to-vigorous physical activity significantly increased from baseline to 6 months. | Improved physical health | Non-experimental (no randomization, no control) |
| Improved body image | Improved body image | ||||||
| No statistically significant differences | Improvements not statistically significant | ||||||
| Han et al. | eHealth system (Comprehensive Health Enhancement Support System, CHESS) | Web-based (eHealth) | No control group. cancer patients’ access to more complex tools generates more use with their time spreading out over the diverse services. | Complexity of tool takes more time to process | Communication functions drive long-term engagement with the system. | Provided education/answered questions | Pre-post |
| Uhm et al. | mHealth | mHealth | Improved exercise, but not statistically different than control | Improved in at least one area | Improved exercise, but not statistically different than control | Improved physical health | Quasi-experimental |
| Improved exercise | Improvements not statistically significant | ||||||
| No statistically significant differences | |||||||
| Kim et al. | mHealth (mobile game) | mHealth | Improved drug adherence, lower side effects of chemotherapy (nausea, fatigue, numbness of hand or foot, and hair loss). Improved quality of life. No significant difference in depression or anxiety | Improved in at least one area | Improved drug adherence, lower side effects of chemotherapy (nausea, fatigue, numbness of hand or foot, and hair loss). Improved quality of life. Improved medication adherence. No significant difference in depression or anxiety | Less nausea/vomiting | RCT |
| Less nausea/vomiting | Less numbness | ||||||
| Less numbness/pain/swelling | Improved physical health | ||||||
| Improved physical health | Improved quality of life | ||||||
| Improved quality of life | Improved medication adherence | ||||||
| McCarthy et al. | nurse-led telemedicine delivered, cognitive behavioral therapy | Web-based (eHealth) | participants reported improvements in sleep outcomes, including SE and SL. QOL and daily functioning improved, but anxiety and depression did not. | Improved in at least one area | participants reported improvements in sleep outcomes, including SE and SL. QOL and daily functioning improved, but anxiety and depression did not. | Improved sleep outcomes | Quasi-experimental |
| Improved sleep outcomes | Improved quality of life | ||||||
| Improved quality of life | |||||||
| Visser et al. | tablet online support group | mHealth | No statistically significant differences between control and intervention for distress and empowerment. Greater peer support identified in control. | Improved in at least one area | No improvement with intervention. Satisfaction very low. | Provided education/answered questions | RCT |
| Improved social support/answered questions | |||||||
| Zachariae et al. | Internet-delivered cognitive-behavioral therapy (iCBT) | Web-based (eHealth) | Statistically significant improvements observed for all sleep-related outcomes (fatigue, sleep disturbances, total sleep time). | Improved in at least one area | Reduced insomnia, increased sleep quality, increases sleep efficiency, increased total sleep time, improved time in bed, reduced fatigue | Improved sleep outcomes | RCT |
| Improved sleep outcomes | Improved sleep outcomes | ||||||
| Improved sleep outcomes | Improved sleep outcomes | ||||||
| Improved sleep outcomes | Improved mental health | ||||||
| Ariza-Garcia et al. | web-based exercise system (e_CuidateChemo) | Web-based (eHealth) | Functional capacity improved significantly, abdominal strength, lower body strength, back strength | Improved in at least one area | Intervention increased exercise capacity by 10.8% (33.4% reached a normal exercise capacity compared with 12.3% in control). Functional capacity, abdominal strength, lower body strength, back strength improved significantly. | Improved physical health | RCT |
| Improved physical health | Improved physical health | ||||||
| Improved physical health | Improved physical health | ||||||
| Improved physical health | Improved physical health | ||||||
| Crafoord et al. | mHealth app for symptom self-management | mHealth | Daily symptom reporting created feelings of having continuous contact with health care professionals, being acknowledged, and safe. | Improved in at least one area | Engagement was very high for intervention. The app promoted patient participation in their care. | long-term engagement with intervention | Mixed Methods |
| Provided education/answered questions | Provided education/answered questions | ||||||
| Ferrante et al. | mHealth/eHealth tools | mHealth + eHealth | No statistically significant differences between weight lost in both groups. Waist circumference improved more, quality of life more, and use of strategies for healthy eating and decreasing calories. | Improved in at least one area | Effective at weight loss, but not statistically significant | Improved body image | RCT |
| Improved body image | Improvements not statistically significant | ||||||
| Improved quality of life | |||||||
| No statistically significant differences | |||||||
| Fjell et al. | mHealth app (Interaktor) during neoadjuvant chemo | mHealth | statistically significant less symptom prevalence in nausea, vomiting, feeling sad, appetite loss and constipation. Overall symptom distress and physical symptom distress were rated statistically significant lower in the intervention group. Further, emotional functioning was rated statistically significant higher in the intervention group. | Improved in at least one area | statistically significant less symptom prevalence in nausea, vomiting, feeling sad, appetite loss and constipation. Overall symptom distress and physical symptom distress were rated statistically significant lower in the intervention group. Further, emotional functioning was rated statistically significant higher in the intervention group. | Less nausea/vomiting | RCT |
| Less nausea/vomiting | |||||||
| Less nausea/vomiting | Less nausea/vomiting | ||||||
| Improved mental health | Improved mental health | ||||||
| Improved mental health | Improved mental health | ||||||
| Improved physical health | Improved physical health | ||||||
| Hou et al. | mHealth app for self-management support (BCSMS) | mHealth | Mean quality of life scores and global health higher | Improved in at least one area | Mean quality of life scores and global health higher | Improved quality of life | RCT |
| Improved quality of life | Improved physical health | ||||||
| Improved global health/baseline function | |||||||
| Lally et al. | we-based, psychoeducational distress self-management program (CaringGuidance) | Web-based (eHealth) | post hoc analysis showed significant group differences in slopes occurring between study months 2 and 3 on distress and depressive symptoms | Improved in at least one area | post hoc analysis showed significant group differences in slopes occurring between study months 2 and 3 on distress and depressive symptoms | Improved mental health | True experiment |
| Improved mental health | Improved mental health | ||||||
| Improved mental health | |||||||
| Lozano-Lozano et al. | mHealth (BENECA) + rehab | mHealth | Both groups showed improved outcomes, but global QoL was significantly better with intervention. Improvement in upper-limb functionality also higher | Improved in at least one area | Both groups showed improved outcomes, but global QoL was significantly better with intervention. Improvement in upper-limb functionality also higher | Improved quality of life | RCT |
| Improved quality of life | Improved arm symptoms/upper limb functionality | ||||||
| Improved arm symptoms/upper limb functionality | |||||||
| van der Hout et al. | eHealth (Oncokompas) symptom self-management app | Web-based (eHealth) | Oncokompas did not improve the amount of knowledge, skills, and confidence for self-management in cancer survivors. | No statistically significant differences | No difference between groups | Improvements not statistically significant | RCT |
| Çınar et al. | mHealth app for education, symptom tracking, and management | mHealth | QoL of the treatment group after intervention increased and distress level was lower | Improved in at least one area | QoL of the treatment group after intervention increased and distress level was lower | Improved quality of life | True experiment |
| Improved quality of life | Improved mental health | ||||||
| Improved mental health | |||||||
| Fang et al. | decision-support app (Pink Journey) | Web-based (eHealth) | body image distress declined significantly for the intervention group but increased for the control group. no significant difference in decision conflict, decision regret, anxiety, or depression. | Improved in at least one area | Decrease in body image, regret, anxiety, & distress | Improved body image | RCT |
| Improved body image | Improved mental health | ||||||
| Improved mental health | Improved mental health | ||||||
| Improved mental health | Improved mental health | ||||||
| Improved mental health | |||||||
| Krzyzanowska et al. | telephone based management of toxicities | Telephone | No differences in self-efficacy, anxiety, or depression | No statistically significant differences | No differences in self-efficacy, anxiety, or depression | Improvements not statistically significant | RCT |
| Kumar et al. | Teleconsultation | Telephone | No control group. Concerns and questions answered through intervention | Improved in at least one area | Breast conservation surgery | Provided education/answered questions | Qualitative |
| Provided education/answered questions | |||||||
| Lai et al. | Telemedicine (VTC) Occupational Therapy | Web-based (eHealth) | No control group. Patients regained baseline function within a mean of 42.4 days after surgery and after an average of three sessions | Improved in at least one area | all regained baseline functional status and full range of motion | Improved physical health | Non-experimental (no randomization, no control) |
| Improved global health/baseline function | |||||||
| Öztürk et al. | mHealth symptom monitoring app | mHealth | Effective at decreasing nausea-vomiting, raising sexual function and sexual enjoyment | Improved in at least one area | Symptom monitoring with mHealth highly effective in controlling physical symptoms | Less nausea/vomiting | True experiment |
| Less nausea/vomiting | Less nausea/vomiting | ||||||
| Less nausea/vomiting | Improved quality of life | ||||||
| Improved quality of life | Improved physical health | ||||||
| Improved physical health | |||||||
| Reeves et al. | mHealth weight-loss | mHealth | Improved weight reduction (over control) fat mass, metabolic syndrome risk score, waist circumference, fasting plasma glucose, and quality of life | Improved in at least one area | Improved weight reduction (over control) fat mass, metabolic syndrome risk score, waist circumference, fasting plasma glucose, and quality of life | Improved body image | RCT |
| Improved body image | Improved body image | ||||||
| Improved body image | Improved body image | ||||||
| Improved body image | Improved fasting plasma glucose | ||||||
| Improved fasting plasma glucose | Improved quality of life | ||||||
| Improved quality of life | |||||||
| Wagner et al. | eHealth (Fear of recurrence, FoF) telecoaching | Web-based (eHealth) | Significantly reduced fear of recurrence. Telecoaching improved adherence and retention. | Improved in at least one area | Reduced fear of recurrence. Telecoaching improved adherence and retention. | Improved mental health | RCT |
| Improved mental health | long-term engagement with intervention | ||||||
| Improved medication adherence | |||||||
| Bandani-Susan et al. | mHealth education | mHealth | Mean score of cancer fatigue decreased and body image increased significantly | Improved in at least one area | Decreased fatigue, increased body image | Improved sleep outcomes | RCT |
| Improved sleep outcomes | Improved body image | ||||||
| Improved body image | |||||||
| Fu et al. | mHealth pain-management | mHealth | Participants in the intervention were more likely to experience complete reduction in pain and soreness, lower median severity scores and general body pain, less arm/hand swelling, heaviness, redness, and limited movement in shoulder | Improved in at least one area | Less pain, less soreness, less swelling, less heaviness, less redness, less limited movement in shoulder | Less pain | RCT |
| Less numbness/pain/swelling | Less pain | ||||||
| Less numbness/pain/swelling | Less pain | ||||||
| Less numbness/pain/swelling | Less numbness | ||||||
| Less numbness/pain/swelling | Improved arm symptoms/upper limb functionality | ||||||
| Improved arm symptoms/upper limb functionality | |||||||
| Gao et al. | mHealth Tai Chi and health education | mHealth | A significant time effect for mental health, physical health, but not for stress. | Improved in at least one area | Tai Chi participants had a significantly better mental health at follow up. | Improved mental health | RCT |
| Improved mental health | Improved physical health | ||||||
| Improved physical health | |||||||
| Medina et al. | eHealth ecosystem (ICOnnecta) | Web-based (eHealth) | Strong social support led to better psychosocial course | Improved in at least one area | ICOnnecta supports the development of a digital relation with healthcare services | Improved mental health | Quasi-experimental |
| Improved social support/answered questions | |||||||
| Improved mental health | |||||||
| Oswald et al. | eHealth cognitive-behavioral therapy (iCBT) | Web-based (eHealth) | Improvements in insomnia, sleep efficiency, and sleep disturbance | Improved in at least one area | Improvements in insomnia, sleep efficiency, and sleep disturbance | Improved sleep outcomes | RCT |
| Improved sleep outcomes | Improved sleep outcomes | ||||||
| Improved sleep outcomes | Improved sleep outcomes | ||||||
| Improved sleep outcomes |