| Authors |
Sample
Size (#s Only) |
Bias within Study (See Article)
Selection Bias, Sample Bias, etc. |
Effect Size
(Small, Medium, or Large with Cohen’s d Statistic) Sensitivity, Specificity, F1 |
Country of Origin (Where Was the Study Conducted?) | Statistics Used | Patient Satisfaction | Strength of Evidence | Quality of Evidence |
| Borosund et al. | 167 | One country only (selection bias) | Not reported | Norway | Linear mixed models | High levels of satisfaction | I | A |
| Selection bias | ||||||||
| Freeman et al. | 118 | One country only (selection bias)- two sites | Not reported | USA | Linear multilevel modeling, Bonferroni method | not reported | I | A |
| Selection bias | ||||||||
| Wheelock et al. | 102 | One region of one country (selection bias), 73% Caucasian (sample bias) | Not reported | USA | Descriptive statistics, Spearman rank test | not reported | I | A |
| Selection bias | ||||||||
| Sample bias | ||||||||
| Galiano-Castillo et al. | 81 | One country only (selection bias) | global health (d = 0.89, large), physical functioning (d = 0.90, large), role functioning (d = 0.78, medium), cognitive functioning (d = 0.75, medium), arm symptoms (d = −0.53, medium). | Spain | Descriptive statistics, Cronbach’s a, Chi-square, ANCOVA | 97.8% global satisfaction | I | A |
| Selection bias | ||||||||
| Admiraal et al. | 127 | One country only (selection bias) | (d = 0.65, medium) | Netherlands | Descriptive statistics, ANCOVA, logistic regression, chi-square | not reported | I | A |
| Selection bias | ||||||||
| Fazzino et al. | 142 | One region of one country (selection bias) | Not reported | USA | Linear mixed models | not reported | III | A |
| Selection bias | ||||||||
| Han et al. | 443 | One country only (selection bias), majority Caucasian (sample bias) | Not reported | USA | Descriptive statistics, Bonferroni adjustment | not reported | III | A |
| Selection bias | ||||||||
| Sample bias | ||||||||
| Uhm et al. | 356 | One region of one country (selection bias) | Not reported | Korea | Descriptive statistics, Chi-square, Fisher’s exact test, paired t-tests, ANCOVA | Strong satisfaction scores | II | A |
| Selection bias | ||||||||
| Kim et al. | 76 | One region of one country (selection bias) | Not reported | Korea | Descriptive statistics, independent t-tests, Mann–Whitney U-tests, Chi-square tests and Fisher’s exact test. | Strong satisfaction scores | I | A |
| Selection bias | ||||||||
| McCarthy et al. | 18 | One region of one country (selection bias) | Not reported | USA | Descriptive statistics, dependent t-tests | not reported | II | B |
| Selection bias | ||||||||
| Visser et al. | 109 | One country (selection bias) | Not reported | Netherlands | ANCOVA, ANOVA | satisfaction very low | I | A |
| Selection bias | ||||||||
| Zachariae et al. | 225 | One country (selection bias) | wake after sleep onset (d = 0.33, medium), large effect sizes identified for improvements in insomnia severity (d = 0.87), sleep quality, and sleep efficiency. Medium effects for total sleep time, less time in bed, and fewer EMAs; small effect sizes for shorter SOL, fewer NAs, reduction in fatigue, and less time spent awake after sleep onset | USA | Descriptive statistics, Chi-square, mixed linear models, generalized estimating equation models | High levels of satisfaction | I | A |
| Selection bias | ||||||||
| Ariza-Garcia et al. | 68 | One country (selection bias) | Large effect for all interactions | Spain | ANCOVA | not reported | I | A |
| Selection bias | ||||||||
| Crafoord et al. | 149 | One country (selection bias) | Not reported | Sweden | Descriptive statistics, independent t-tests, Fisher’s exact test, Chi-square test | Engagement and satisfaction was high | III | A |
| Selection bias | ||||||||
| Ferrante et al. | 35 | One country (selection bias), one race (sample bias) | Large effect for all interactions | USA | paired t-test, Fisher’s exact test | High levels of satisfaction | I | A |
| Selection bias | ||||||||
| Sample bias | ||||||||
| Fjell et al. | 150 | One country (selection bias) | Effect size small (d = 0.18) to medium (d = 0.34) | Sweden | ANCOVA, Chi-square, Fisher’s exact test | Satisfaction high | I | A |
| Selection bias | ||||||||
| Hou et al. | 112 | One country (selection bias) | Sensitivity calculated but not reported | Taiwan | Descriptive statistics, t-tests | Satisfaction high | I | A |
| Selection bias | ||||||||
| Lally et al. | 100 | One country (selection bias) | Not reported | USA | multilevel models, ANOVA, Fisher’s exact test | Satisfaction high | I | A |
| Selection bias | ||||||||
| Lozano-Lozano et al. | 80 | One country (selection bias) | large effect (d = 0.72) | Spain | Descriptive statistics, chi-square, ANCOVA | Satisfaction high | I | A |
| Selection bias | ||||||||
| van der Hout et al. | 138 | One country (selection bias) | effect size small (d < 0.2) | Netherlands | Descriptive statistics, t-tests | not reported | I | A |
| Selection bias | ||||||||
| Çınar et al. | 64 | One country (selection bias) | Not reported | Turkey | ANCOVA, Chi-square, Fisher’s exact test, ANOVA, t-test, and Mann–Whitney U test | Satisfaction was very high | I | A |
| Selection bias | ||||||||
| Fang et al. | 96 | One country (selection bias) | Not reported | Taiwan | Descriptive statistics, Chi-square, t-test | High levels of satisfaction | I | A |
| Selection bias | ||||||||
| Krzyzanowska et al. | 580 | Multiple locations of one country (selection bias) | Not reported | Canada | Descriptive statistics, Poisson model | not reported | I | A |
| Selection bias | ||||||||
| Kumar et al. | 1 | One country (selection bias) | Not reported | India | Natural language processing | High levels of satisfaction | III | B |
| Selection bias | ||||||||
| Lai et al. | 18 | One location (selection bias), majority Caucasian (sample bias) | Not reported | USA | Descriptive statistics, natural language processing | High levels of satisfaction | III | B |
| Selection bias | ||||||||
| Sample bias | ||||||||
| Öztürk et al. | 57 | One location (selection bias) | Not reported | Turkey | Descriptive statistics, Mann–Whitney U, Wilcoxon signed-rank test, Chi-square | High levels of satisfaction | I | A |
| Selection bias | ||||||||
| Reeves et al. | 159 | One location (selection bias) | D = −0.3 (medium) | Australia | Descriptive statistics, multivariable linear mixed models | High levels of satisfaction | I | A |
| Selection bias | ||||||||
| Wagner et al. | 196 | One location (selection bias) | medium effect sizes (ranged from d = −0.55–−0.69) | USA | Descriptive statistics, Chi-square, independent t-test | High levels of satisfaction | I | A |
| Selection bias | ||||||||
| Bandani-Susan et al. | 38 | One location (selection bias) | not reported | Iran | Descriptive statistics, Kolmogorov–Smirnov, Chi-square and Fisher’s exact, independent and paired t-test | not reported | I | A |
| Selection bias | ||||||||
| Fu et al. | 120 | One location (selection bias) | small effect size (ra = 0.05–0.29) | USA | Descriptive statistics, Wilcoxon R, odds ratio | High levels of satisfaction | I | A |
| Selection bias | ||||||||
| Gao et al. | 55 | One location (selection bias) | Not reported | USA | Descriptive statistics, | not reported | I | A |
| Selection bias | ||||||||
| Medina et al. | 189 | One location (selection bias) | Sensitivity 70%, specificity 73% | Spain | Descriptive statistics, multi-level linear models, Chi-square and student’s t-test | High levels of satisfaction | II | A |
| Selection bias | ||||||||
| Oswald et al. | 29 | One location (selection bias) | large group differences (d = 1.25–0.33) | USA | Descriptive statistics, Chi-square test, t-tests | High levels of satisfaction | I | A |
| Selection bias |