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. 2022 Oct 12;10(10):2015. doi: 10.3390/healthcare10102015
Authors Sample
Size
(#s Only)
Bias within Study (See Article)
Selection Bias, Sample Bias, etc.
Effect Size
(Small, Medium, or Large with Cohen’s d Statistic)
Sensitivity, Specificity, F1
Country of Origin (Where Was the Study Conducted?) Statistics Used Patient Satisfaction Strength of Evidence Quality of Evidence
Borosund et al. 167 One country only (selection bias) Not reported Norway Linear mixed models High levels of satisfaction I A
Selection bias
Freeman et al. 118 One country only (selection bias)- two sites Not reported USA Linear multilevel modeling, Bonferroni method not reported I A
Selection bias
Wheelock et al. 102 One region of one country (selection bias), 73% Caucasian (sample bias) Not reported USA Descriptive statistics, Spearman rank test not reported I A
Selection bias
Sample bias
Galiano-Castillo et al. 81 One country only (selection bias) global health (d = 0.89, large), physical functioning (d = 0.90, large), role functioning (d = 0.78, medium), cognitive functioning (d = 0.75, medium), arm symptoms (d = −0.53, medium). Spain Descriptive statistics, Cronbach’s a, Chi-square, ANCOVA 97.8% global satisfaction I A
Selection bias
Admiraal et al. 127 One country only (selection bias) (d = 0.65, medium) Netherlands Descriptive statistics, ANCOVA, logistic regression, chi-square not reported I A
Selection bias
Fazzino et al. 142 One region of one country (selection bias) Not reported USA Linear mixed models not reported III A
Selection bias
Han et al. 443 One country only (selection bias), majority Caucasian (sample bias) Not reported USA Descriptive statistics, Bonferroni adjustment not reported III A
Selection bias
Sample bias
Uhm et al. 356 One region of one country (selection bias) Not reported Korea Descriptive statistics, Chi-square, Fisher’s exact test, paired t-tests, ANCOVA Strong satisfaction scores II A
Selection bias
Kim et al. 76 One region of one country (selection bias) Not reported Korea Descriptive statistics, independent t-tests, Mann–Whitney U-tests, Chi-square tests and Fisher’s exact test. Strong satisfaction scores I A
Selection bias
McCarthy et al. 18 One region of one country (selection bias) Not reported USA Descriptive statistics, dependent t-tests not reported II B
Selection bias
Visser et al. 109 One country (selection bias) Not reported Netherlands ANCOVA, ANOVA satisfaction very low I A
Selection bias
Zachariae et al. 225 One country (selection bias) wake after sleep onset (d = 0.33, medium), large effect sizes identified for improvements in insomnia severity (d = 0.87), sleep quality, and sleep efficiency. Medium effects for total sleep time, less time in bed, and fewer EMAs; small effect sizes for shorter SOL, fewer NAs, reduction in fatigue, and less time spent awake after sleep onset USA Descriptive statistics, Chi-square, mixed linear models, generalized estimating equation models High levels of satisfaction I A
Selection bias
Ariza-Garcia et al. 68 One country (selection bias) Large effect for all interactions Spain ANCOVA not reported I A
Selection bias
Crafoord et al. 149 One country (selection bias) Not reported Sweden Descriptive statistics, independent t-tests, Fisher’s exact test, Chi-square test Engagement and satisfaction was high III A
Selection bias
Ferrante et al. 35 One country (selection bias), one race (sample bias) Large effect for all interactions USA paired t-test, Fisher’s exact test High levels of satisfaction I A
Selection bias
Sample bias
Fjell et al. 150 One country (selection bias) Effect size small (d = 0.18) to medium (d = 0.34) Sweden ANCOVA, Chi-square, Fisher’s exact test Satisfaction high I A
Selection bias
Hou et al. 112 One country (selection bias) Sensitivity calculated but not reported Taiwan Descriptive statistics, t-tests Satisfaction high I A
Selection bias
Lally et al. 100 One country (selection bias) Not reported USA multilevel models, ANOVA, Fisher’s exact test Satisfaction high I A
Selection bias
Lozano-Lozano et al. 80 One country (selection bias) large effect (d = 0.72) Spain Descriptive statistics, chi-square, ANCOVA Satisfaction high I A
Selection bias
van der Hout et al. 138 One country (selection bias) effect size small (d < 0.2) Netherlands Descriptive statistics, t-tests not reported I A
Selection bias
Çınar et al. 64 One country (selection bias) Not reported Turkey ANCOVA, Chi-square, Fisher’s exact test, ANOVA, t-test, and Mann–Whitney U test Satisfaction was very high I A
Selection bias
Fang et al. 96 One country (selection bias) Not reported Taiwan Descriptive statistics, Chi-square, t-test High levels of satisfaction I A
Selection bias
Krzyzanowska et al. 580 Multiple locations of one country (selection bias) Not reported Canada Descriptive statistics, Poisson model not reported I A
Selection bias
Kumar et al. 1 One country (selection bias) Not reported India Natural language processing High levels of satisfaction III B
Selection bias
Lai et al. 18 One location (selection bias), majority Caucasian (sample bias) Not reported USA Descriptive statistics, natural language processing High levels of satisfaction III B
Selection bias
Sample bias
Öztürk et al. 57 One location (selection bias) Not reported Turkey Descriptive statistics, Mann–Whitney U, Wilcoxon signed-rank test, Chi-square High levels of satisfaction I A
Selection bias
Reeves et al. 159 One location (selection bias) D = −0.3 (medium) Australia Descriptive statistics, multivariable linear mixed models High levels of satisfaction I A
Selection bias
Wagner et al. 196 One location (selection bias) medium effect sizes (ranged from d = −0.55–−0.69) USA Descriptive statistics, Chi-square, independent t-test High levels of satisfaction I A
Selection bias
Bandani-Susan et al. 38 One location (selection bias) not reported Iran Descriptive statistics, Kolmogorov–Smirnov, Chi-square and Fisher’s exact, independent and paired t-test not reported I A
Selection bias
Fu et al. 120 One location (selection bias) small effect size (ra = 0.05–0.29) USA Descriptive statistics, Wilcoxon R, odds ratio High levels of satisfaction I A
Selection bias
Gao et al. 55 One location (selection bias) Not reported USA Descriptive statistics, not reported I A
Selection bias
Medina et al. 189 One location (selection bias) Sensitivity 70%, specificity 73% Spain Descriptive statistics, multi-level linear models, Chi-square and student’s t-test High levels of satisfaction II A
Selection bias
Oswald et al. 29 One location (selection bias) large group differences (d = 1.25–0.33) USA Descriptive statistics, Chi-square test, t-tests High levels of satisfaction I A
Selection bias