Table 2.
Characteristics of the study group (n = 394).
| Gender, n (%) | |
| female | 256 (65.0) |
| male | 138 (35.0) |
| Age (years) | |
| M ± SD | 35.34 ± 11.36 |
| Min-Max | 18.0–77.0 |
| Education, n (%) | |
| Primary/vocational | 23 (5.9) |
| Secondary | 145 (36.9) |
| Tertiary | 225 (57.3) |
| Place of residence, n (%) | |
| Countryside | 88 (22.3) |
| Small town | 125 (31.7) |
| Big city | 181 (45.9) |
| Disease duration (years) | |
| M ± SD | 14.88 ± 10.71 |
| Min-Max | 1.0–54.0 |
| BMI categories, n (%) | |
| <18.5 kg/m2 | 5 (1.3) |
| 18.6–24.9 kg/m2 | 208 (52.8) |
| 25.0–29.9 kg/m2 | 126 (32.0) |
| 30.0–34.9 kg/m2 | 40 (10.2) |
| >35.0 kg/m2 | 15 (3.8) |
| Type of insulin therapy, n (%) | |
| Insulin pen | 221 (56.1) |
| Insulin pump | 173 (43.9) |
| Insulin units per day | |
| M ± SD | 43.04 ± 19.32 |
| Min–Max | 10.0–140.0 |
| Insulin units per kilogram of body weight | |
| M ± SD | 0.58 ± 0.22 |
| Min–Max | 0.1–1.6 |
| Hypoglycemia episodes, n (%) | |
| every day | 23 (5.8) |
| 5–6 times a week | 35 (8.9) |
| 4–3 times a week | 78 (19.8) |
| 1–2 times a week | 123 (31.2) |
| only once | 70 (17.8) |
| never | 65 (16.5) |
| Hyperglycemia episodes, n (%) | |
| every day | 74 (18.8) |
| 5–6 times a week | 75 (19.0) |
| 4–3 times a week | 87 (22.1) |
| 1–2 times a week | 72 (18.3) |
| only once | 47 (11.9) |
| never | 39 (9.9) |
| Knowledge of insulin/CEs ratio, n (%) | 320 (81.2) |
| Knowledge of CEs consumed daily, n (%) | 261 (66.2) |
| Knowing the calorie value of one’s diet, n (%) | 170 (43.1) |
M—mean, SD—standard deviation, CEs—carbohydrate exchanges.