TABLE 1.
Information about animals included into the studya
| Case no. and yr of examination | Animal data | Geographical site [further information] | Clinical sign | Pathological diagnosis | IB (confirmed by IHb) | NGS material and arenavirus segments identified |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Captive animals | ||||||
| C1, 2004 | C. annulatus, male, 8.5 yr | Turrialba, Cartago [in captivity for 4 yr] | Necrotic stomatitis | Fibrinonecrotic stomatitis (mycotic), intestinal coccidiosis; hemogregarine infection (blood); BIBD | Brain +++; lung +; liver, kidney, pancreas, stomach ++; intestine +; testicle +; adrenal gland ++ | FFPE (liver kidney, lung, intestine): Reptarenavirus segments, UGV/S6 S segment, ABV/L3 L segment |
| C2, 2006 | B. constrictor, NR, juvenile (2 mo) [sibling of C3] | Heredia [privately owned small breeding colony; mortality in group of juveniles; two emaciated juveniles and their mother were examined] | Emaciation | Emaciation; BIBD | Brain ++ | FFPE (brain): Reptarenavirus segments, UGV/S6 S segment, ABV/L3 L segment |
| C3, 2006 | B. constrictor, NR, juvenile (2 mo) [sibling of C2] | Emaciation | Emaciation; BIBD | Brain, liver +; spleen ++ | FFPE (brain, liver, spleen): Reptarenavirus segments, UGV/S6 S segment, ABV/L3 L segment | |
| C4, 2006 | B. constrictor, female, adult [mother of C2 and C3] | None; no gross lesions | BIBD | Brain, kidney ++; liver + | FFPE (brain, liver, spleen): Reptarenavirus segments, UGV/S6 S segment, ABV/L3 L segment | |
| C5, 2006 | C. annulatus, male, adult | Grecia, Alejuela | Vomiting, CNS signsc | Pyogranulomatous hepatitis, nephritis and splenitis; BIBD | Brain, lung, pancreas, liver, kidney, spleen, testicle +++; blood smear ++ | ND |
| C6, 2006 | B. constrictor, male, adult | Grecia, Alejuela | Abnormal head tilt | BIBD | Brain, pancreas, kidney ++; liver, spleen, intestine +; stomach − | ND |
| C7, 2018 | B. constrictor, NR, adult (>9 yr) | Refugio Herpetologico Santa Ana [>9 yr in captivity] | None | BIBD [healthy animal; BIBD diagnosed as part of a health screen] | Pellet of tissue culture inoculated with blood ++ | SNT (I/1Ki cells inoculated with blood sample): Reptarenavirus segments, UGV/S6 S segment, ABV/L3 L segment, PuVV-1/L4 segment, KePV/L15 L segment, GMV/L19 L segment, Hartmanivirus segments, UnNV-1 S segment, UnNV-1 L segment |
| Wild animals | ||||||
| W1, 1989 | B. constrictor, male, juvenile, 2 kg | Atlantic coast [wild caught] | Ulcerative stomatitis | Fibrinonecrotic stomatitis and tracheitis, fibrino-suppurative pneumonia; BIBD | IB in liver +; no IH reaction | FFPE (liver): Reptarenavirus segments, UGV/S6 S segment, ABV/L3 L segment |
| W2, 1989 | B. constrictor, NR, juvenile | Central Valley [wild caught] | Poor body condition | Granulomatous dermatitis, hepatitis and coelomitis; BIBD | IB in liver +; no IH reaction | FFPE (liver): Reptarenavirus segments, UGV/S6 S segment, ABV/L3 L segment |
| W3, 2012 | B. constrictor, female, adult | Heredia [wild caught] | Multiple traumatic injuries at head and body | Gout, endoparasitosis (Kalicephalus sp.), BIBD | Kidney +++; spleen ++; liver, pancreas + | FFPE (kidney, liver): Reptarenavirus segments, UGV/S6 S segment, ABV/L3 L segment |
| W4, 2018 | B. constrictor, female, adult | Lagurilla de Heredia [wild caught] | Dehydration, ulcerative and necrotic dermatitis | Ulcerative stomatitis, systemic fungal infection; BIBD | Brain ++; pancreas +; intestine − | Frozen liver and SNT (I/1Ki cells inoculated with brain homogenate): Reptarenavirus segment, UGV/S6 S segment, ABV/L3 L segment, PuVV-1/L4 segment |
| W5, 2018 | B. constrictor, NR, adult | Descamparaditos de Puriscal [wild caught in coffee plantation] | Stomatitis | Granulomatous stomatitis (fungal infection); BIBD | Brain, liver, kidney ++; pellet of tissue culture inoculated with brain ++ | Frozen brain and SNT (I/1Ki cells inoculated with brain homogenate): Reptarenavirus segments, UGV/S6 S segment, ABV/L3 L segment, Hartmanivirus segments, BESV-1 S segment, BESV-1 L segment |
a
BIBD, boid inclusion body disease; IB, inclusion bodies; FFPE, formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissue; IH, immunohistology; NR, not recorded; ND, not done; CNS, central nervous system; SNT, supernatant; UGV, University of Giessen virus; ABV, aurora borealis virus; PuVV, pura vida virus; KePV, keijut pohjoismaissa virus; GMV, gruetzi mitenant virus; UnNV-1, Universidad Nacional virus 1; BESV-1, big electron-dense squares virus 1.
b
The presence and extent of IBs in the examined organs/tissues was scored semiquantitatively as follows: −, no IB detected; +, low prevalence and/or small Ibs; ++, medium prevalence; +++, high prevalence and/or large IBs.
c
Supplemental material.