Figure 1.

Microplastics and nanoplastics from plastic degradation enter organisms mainly through the digestive and respiratory systems (from this last system, microplastics pass to the digestive system by swallowing), producing changes in the gut microbiota that could induce intestinal dysbiosis. Intestinal dysbiosis triggers injuries (alterations of metabolic homeostasis, disruption of the intestinal barrier, endotoxaemia, and inflammatory response) that can cause health disorders, such as NAFLD [22,23]. NAFLD, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease; SS, simple steatosis; NASH, nonalcoholic steatohepatitis.