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. 2022 Oct 11;23(20):12115. doi: 10.3390/ijms232012115

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© 2022 by the authors.

Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

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Function of hormone-induced STAR and constitutive STAR. Hormonal stimulation induces STAR to localize to the OMM where it interacts and works with other transduceosome proteins to transport cholesterol to CYP11A1 at the IMM for acute steroidogenesis. CYP11A1 converts cholesterol to the first steroid, pregnenolone. Upon reaching the OMM, the mitochondrial targeting sequence of STAR is cleaved, inactivating the protein, and inducing its import into the matrix. Constitutive STAR plays a role in the transport and/or metabolism of cholesteryl esters, diacylglycerol, and phosphatidylcholine as knockout of STAR results in the accumulation of these lipids. Abbreviations: Ch: cholesterol; P5: pregnenolone; DAG: diacylglycerol; CE: cholesteryl ester; PC: phosphatidylcholine.