Table 5.
Technical services/programmes provided by the professional associations and participants’ demographic characteristics.
| Services/ Variables |
Scientific journal |
CPD programmes |
Education and career support |
Conferences and workshops |
Professional certification |
Linkage to online resources |
Publishing opportunities |
|||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Yes (n, %) | No (n, %) | Yes (n, %) | No (n, %) | Yes (n, %) | No (n, %) | Yes (n, %) | No (n, %) | Yes (n, %) | No (n, %) | Yes (n, %) | No (n, %) | Yes (n, %) | No (n, %) | |
| Age group (years) | ||||||||||||||
| 19–29 | 61 (19.6) | 250 (80.4) | 172 (55.3) | 139 (44.7) | 146 (46.9) | 165 (53.1) | 95 (30.6) | 216 (69.4) | 63 (20.3) | 248 (79.7) | 22 (7.1) | 289 (92.9) | 16 (5.1) | 295 (94.9) |
| 30–44 | 94 (18.4) | 418 (81.6) | 273 (53.3) | 239 (46.7) | 223 (43.6) | 289 (56.4) | 202 (39.5) | 310 (60.5) | 58 (11.3) | 454 (88.7) | 32 (6.3) | 480 (93.7) | 19 (3.7) | 493 (96.3) |
| 45–54 | 52 (23.7 | 167 (76.3) | 121 (55.3) | 98 (44.7) | 86 (39.3) | 133 (60.7) | 93 (42.5) | 126 (57.5) | 32 (14.6) | 187 (85.4) | 9 (4.1) | 210 (95.9) | 16 (7.3) | 203 (92.7) |
| ≥55 | 14 (15.9) | 74 (84.0) | 55 (62.5) | 33 (37.5) | 27 (30.7) | 61 (69.3)* | 33 (37.5) | 55 (62.5)* | 7 (7.9) | 81 (92.1)* | 3 (3.4) | 85 (96.6) | 7 (7.9) | 81 (92.1) |
| Gender | ||||||||||||||
| Male | 72 (20.0) | 288 (80.0) | 190 (52.8) | 170 (47.2) | 158 (43.9) | 202 (56.1) | 140 (38.9) | 220 (61.1) | 53 (14.7) | 307 (85.3) | 25 (6.9) | 335 (93.1) | 10 (2.8) | 350 (97.2) |
| Female | 169 (18.8) | 730 (81.2) | 490 (54.5) | 409 (45.5) | 362 (40.3) | 537 (59.7) | 348 (38.7) | 551 (61.3) | 113 (12.6) | 786 (87.4) | 46 (5.1) | 853 (94.9) | 50 (5.6) | 849 (94.4)* |
| Highest education attained | ||||||||||||||
| Certificate | 34 (16.3) | 175 (83.7) | 112 (53.6) | 97 (46.4) | 81 (38.8) | 128 (61.2) | 73 (34.9) | 136 (65.1) | 41 (19.6) | 168 (80.4) | 12 (5.7) | 197 (94.3) | 9 (4.3) | 200 (95.7) |
| Diploma | 129 (18.8) | 558 (81.2) | 396 (57.6) | 291 (42.4) | 297 (43.2) | 390 (56.8) | 268 (39.0) | 419 (61.0) | 93 (13.5) | 594 (86.5) | 33 (4.8) | 654 (95.2) | 35 (5.1) | 652 (94.9) |
| Bachelors | 64 (22.4) | 222 (77.6) | 133 (46.5) | 153 (53.5) | 114 (39.9) | 172 (60.1) | 122 (42.7) | 164 (57.3) | 26 (9.1) | 260 (90.9) | 17 (5.9) | 269 (94.1) | 9 (3.2) | 277 (96.9) |
| Masters | 10 (15.6) | 54 (84.4) | 33 (51.6) | 31 (48.4) | 21 (32.8) | 43 (67.2) | 17 (26.6) | 47 (73.4) | 3 (4.7) | 61 (95.3) | 4 (6.3) | 60 (93.7) | 2 (3.1) | 62 (96.9) |
| PhD | 1 (16.7) | 5 (83.3) | 2 (33.3) | 4 (66.7)* | 3 (50.0) | 3 (50.0) | 2 (33.3) | 4 (66.7) | 0 (0.0) | 6 (100.0)* | 1 (16.7) | 5 (83.3) | 2 (33.3) | 4 (66.7)* |
| Workplace | ||||||||||||||
| Faith-based | 13 (24.1) | 41 (75.9) | 27 (50.0) | 27 (50.0) | 19 (35.2) | 35 (64.8) | 23 (42.6) | 31 (57.4) | 6 (11.1) | 48 (88.9) | 1 (1.9) | 53 (98.1) | 4 (7.4) | 50 (92.6) |
| Private | 25 (14.8) | 144 (85.2) | 97 (57.4) | 72 (42.6) | 62 (36.7) | 107 (63.3) | 54 (31.9) | 115 (68.1) | 21 (12.4) | 148 (87.6) | 7 (4.1) | 162 (95.9) | 5 (3.0) | 164 (97.0) |
| Public | 199 (19.4) | 829 (80.6) | 554 (53.9) | 474 (46.1) | 435 (42.3) | 593 (57.7) | 404 (39.3) | 624 (60.7) | 136 (13.2) | 892 (86.8) | 63 (6.1) | 965 (93.9) | 51 (5.0) | 977 (95.0) |
| Work experience (years) | ||||||||||||||
| <2 | 27 (18.5) | 119 (81.5) | 80 (54.8) | 66 (45.2) | 66 (45.2) | 80 (54.8) | 38 (26.0) | 108 (74.0) | 33 (22.6) | 113 (77.4) | 12 (8.2) | 134 (91.8) | 7 (4.8) | 139 (95.2) |
| 2–5 | 56 (17.9) | 257 (82.1) | 173 (55.3) | 140 (44.7) | 148 (47.3) | 165 (52.7) | 118 (37.7) | 195 (62.3) | 43 (13.7) | 270 (86.3) | 21 (6.7) | 292 (93.3) | 15 (4.8) | 298 (95.2) |
| 5–10 | 48 (16.1) | 250 (83.9) | 150 (50.3) | 148 (49.7) | 108 (36.2) | 190 (63.8) | 109 (36.6) | 189 (63.4) | 35 (11.7) | 263 (88.3) | 14 (4.7) | 284 (95.3) | 12 (4.0) | 286 (96.0) |
| 10–20 | 54 (22.8) | 183 (77.2) | 129 (54.4) | 108 (45.6) | 98 (41.4) | 139 (58.7) | 105 (44.3) | 132 (55.7) | 28 (11.8) | 209 (88.2) | 14 (5.9) | 223 (94.1) | 9 (3.8) | 228 (96.2) |
| >20 | 50 (19.7) | 204 (80.3) | 137 (53.9) | 117 (46.1) | 92 (36.2) | 162 (63.8)* | 120 (47.2) | 134 (52.8)* | 24 (9.5) | 230 (90.5)* | 10 (3.9) | 244 (96.1) | 15 (5.9) | 239 (94.1) |
| Duration of membership (years) | ||||||||||||||
| <2 | 53 (19.9) | 213 (80.1) | 137 (51.5) | 129 (48.5) | 101 (38.0) | 165 (62.0) | 85 (32.0) | 181 (68.0) | 47 (17.7) | 219 (82.3) | 18 (6.8) | 248 (93.2) | 12 (4.5) | 254 (95.5) |
| 2–5 | 76 (20.2) | 300 (79.8) | 211 (56.1) | 165 (43.9) | 184 (48.9) | 192 (51.1) | 133 (35.4) | 243 (64.6) | 49 (13.0) | 327 (87.0) | 27 (7.2) | 349 (92.8) | 21 (5.6) | 355 (94.4) |
| 5–10 | 49 (17.3) | 235 (82.8) | 144 (50.7) | 140 (49.3) | 113 (39.8) | 171 (60.2) | 127 (44.7) | 157 (55.3) | 36 (12.7) | 248 (87.3) | 13 (4.6) | 271 (95.4) | 14 (4.9) | 270 (95.1) |
| 10–20 | 36 (17.9) | 165 (82.1) | 110 (54.7) | 91 (45.3) | 80 (39.8) | 121 (60.2) | 85 (42.3) | 116 (57.7) | 22 (11.0) | 179 (89.0) | 9 (4.5) | 192 (95.5) | 7 (3.5) | 194 (96.5) |
| >20 | 24 (18.8) | 104 (81.2) | 72 (56.3) | 56 (43.8) | 39 (30.5) | 89 (69.5)* | 59 (46.1) | 69 (53.9)* | 12 (9.4) | 116 (90.6) | 4 (3.1) | 124 (96.9) | 5 (3.9) | 123 (96.1) |
| Association | ||||||||||||||
| MAK | 0 (0.0) | 9 (100.0) | 6 (66.7) | 3 (33.3) | 2 (22.2) | 7 (77.8) | 5 (55.6) | 4 (44.4) | 0 (0.0) | 9 (100.0) | 0 (0.0) | 9 (100.0) | 0 (0.0) | 9 (100.0) |
| NNAK | 43 (10.8) | 355 (89.2) | 137 (34.4) | 261 (65.6) | 112 (28.1) | 286 (71.9) | 199 (50.0) | 199 (50.0) | 28 (7.0) | 370 (93.0) | 14 (3.5) | 384 (96.5) | 12 (3.0) | 386 (97.0) |
| NMAU | 8 (40.0) | 12 (60.0) | 11 (55.0) | 9 (45.0) | 5 (25.0) | 15 (75.0) | 9 (45.0) | 11 (55.0) | 1 (5.0) | 19 (95.0) | 0 (0.0) | 20 (100.0) | 2 (10.0) | 18 (90.0) |
| AGNMU | 2 (10.0) | 18 (90.0) | 11 (55.0) | 9 (45.0) | 9 (45.0) | 11 (55.0) | 2 (10.0) | 18 (90.0) | 2 (10.0) | 18 (90.0) | 4 (20.0) | 16 (80.0) | 0 (0.0) | 20 (100.0) |
| UNMU | 78 (25.8) | 224 (74.2) | 152 (50.3) | 150 (49.7) | 103 (34.1) | 199 (65.9) | 102 (33.8) | 200 (66.2) | 43 (14.2) | 259 (85.8) | 21 (7.0) | 281 (93.0) | 21 (6.9) | 281 (93.1) |
| UPMA | 1 (2.6) | 38 (97.4) | 28 (71.8) | 11 (28.2) | 12 (30.8) | 27 (69.2) | 18 (46.2) | 21 (53.8) | 0 (0.0) | 39 (100.0) | 0 (0.0) | 39 (100.0) | 1 (2.6) | 38 (97.4) |
| ZANA | 2 (10.5) | 17 (89.5) | 15 (78.9) | 4 (21.1) | 14 (73.7) | 5 (26.3) | 1 (5.3) | 18 (194.7) | 0 (0.0) | 19 (100.0) | 0 (0.0) | 19 (100.0) | 0 (0.0) | 19 (100.0) |
| TAMA | 24 (25.8) | 69 (74.2) | 69 (74.2) | 24 (25.8) | 57 (61.3) | 36 (38.7) | 32 (34.4) | 61 (65.6) | 20 (21.5) | 73 (78.5) | 14 (15.1) | 79 (84.9) | 7 (7.5) | 86 (92.5) |
| TANNA | 83 (22.7) | 283 (77.3)* | 252 (68.9) | 114 (31.1)* | 206 (56.3) | 160 (43.7)* | 125 (34.2) | 241 (65.8)* | 72 (19.7) | 294 (80.3) | 18 (4.9) | 348 (95.1)* | 17 (4.6) | 349 (95.4) |
KEY: * = p-value <0.05, CPD = Continuing Professional Development, MAK = Midwives Association of Kenya, NNAK = National Nurses Association of Kenya, AGNMU = Association of Graduate Nurses and Midwives of Uganda, NMAU = National Midwives Association of Uganda, UNMU = Uganda Nurses and Midwives Union, UPMA = Uganda Private Midwives Association, ZANA = Zanzibar Nurses Association, TAMA = Tanzania Midwives Association, TANNA = Tanzania National Nurses Association.