TABLE 1.
Percent survival of brine shrimp (Artemia franciscana) larvae after 2 days of challenge with V. campbellii and 20 μM indole analoguesa
| Experiment and treatment | Survival (%) | P value summaryb | Live cell density (×105 CFU/mL) |
|---|---|---|---|
| Expt 1 | |||
| Unchallenged shrimp larvae | 87 ± 6 | 0 | |
| V. campbellii | 2 ± 2 | 238 ± 61 | |
| V. campbellii + 4-bromoindole | 79 ± 12 | *** | 203 ± 69 |
| V. campbellii + 5-bromoindole | 73 ± 7 | *** | 230 ± 85 |
| V. campbellii + 6-bromoindole | 63 ± 17 | *** | 163 ± 46 |
| V. campbellii + 7-bromoindole | 82 ± 12 | *** | 197 ± 45 |
| V. campbellii + 5-bromoindole-3-carboxaldehyde | 50 ± 0 | *** | 207 ± 56 |
| V. campbellii + 5-bromoindole-2-carboxylic acid | 2 ± 2 | 213 ± 63 | |
| V. campbellii + 7-acetyl-5-bromoindole | 10 ± 7 | 158 ± 55 | |
| V. campbellii + 7-amino-5-bromoindole | 69 ± 7 | *** | 222 ± 102 |
| V. campbellii + 5-bromo-1-methylindole | 20 ± 9 | * | 212 ± 31 |
| V. campbellii + 6-bromoindole-3-carboxaldehyde | 88 ± 10 | *** | 178 ± 12 |
| V. campbellii + 6-bromoindole-2-carboxylic acid | 8 ± 7 | 178 ± 42 | |
| V. campbellii + 7-bromoindole-2-carboxylic acid | 19 ± 4 | * | 188 ± 60 |
| V. campbellii + 7-bromoindole-3-carboxaldehyde | 86 ± 14 | *** | 165 ± 49 |
| Expt 2 | |||
| Unchallenged shrimp larvae | 100 ± 0 | 0 | |
| V. campbellii | 6 ± 5 | 228 ± 38 | |
| V. campbellii + 4-fluoroindole | 96 ± 2 | *** | 180 ± 41 |
| V. campbellii + 5-fluoroindole | 31 ± 2 | *** | 185 ± 62 |
| V. campbellii + 6-fluoroindole | 53 ± 12 | *** | 162 ± 60 |
| V. campbellii + 7-fluoroindole | 82 ± 7 | *** | 160 ± 64 |
| V. campbellii + 5-fluoroindole-2-carboxylic acid | 4 ± 2 | 172 ± 29 | |
| V. campbellii + 6-fluoroindole-3-acetic acid | 7 ± 3 | 187 ± 58 | |
| V. campbellii + 5-iodoindole | 73 ± 12 | *** | 182 ± 10 |
| V. campbellii + 7-iodoindole | 68 ± 11 | *** | 187 ± 50 |
| V. campbellii + 7-iodoindole-3-carboxaldehyde | 81 ± 4 | *** | 197 ± 13 |
| V. campbellii + 4-chloroindole | 90 ± 0 | *** | 203 ± 20 |
| V. campbellii + 5-chloroindole | 82 ± 8 | *** | 180 ± 68 |
| V. campbellii + 6-chloroindole | 68 ± 15 | *** | 170 ± 65 |
| Expt 3 | |||
| Unchallenged shrimp larvae | 96 ± 2 | 0 | |
| V. campbellii | 0 ± 0 | 243 ± 50 | |
| V. campbellii + 7-chloroindole | 82 ± 5 | *** | 235 ± 46 |
| V. campbellii + 6-chloroindole-3-carboxaldehyde | 41 ± 28 | *** | 215 ± 36 |
| V. campbellii + 5-chloroindole-2-carboxylic acid | 6 ± 5 | 190 ± 13 | |
| V. campbellii + 6-chloro-5-fluoroindole | 83 ± 7 | *** | 172 ± 35 |
| V. campbellii + 7-bromo-5-fluoroindole | 17 ± 3 | 235 ± 46 | |
| V. campbellii + 7-iodo-5-chloroindole | 4 ± 2 | 222 ± 28 | |
| V. campbellii + 4-aminoindole | 32 ± 8 | ** | 262 ± 21 |
| V. campbellii + 5-aminoindole | 18 ± 5 | 148 ± 15 | |
| V. campbellii + 6-aminoindole | 21 + 17 | * | 320 ± 84 |
| V. campbellii + 5-nitroindole | 12 ± 10 | 178 ± 62t | |
| V. campbellii + 7-nitroindole | 47 ± 30 | *** | 248 ± 31 |
| V. campbellii + 4-nitroindole-3-carboxaldehyde | 11 ± 4 | 242 ± 40 | |
| V. campbellii + 2-methyl-5-nitroindole | 42 ± 15 | *** | 205 ± 35 |
| V. campbellii + 2,3-dimethyl-5-nitroindole | 50 ± 10 | *** | 213 ± 28 |
a
Average ± standard deviation of three shrimp cultures. Density of V. campbellii with or without 20 μM indole analogues in the brine shrimp larvae-rearing water after 2 days of challenge.
b
*, Significantly different from treatment with unchallenged shrimp larvae (P ≤ 0.05); **, significantly different from treatment with unchallenged shrimp larvae (P ≤ 0.01); ***, significantly different from treatment with unchallenged shrimp larvae (P ≤ 0.001).