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. 2022 Oct 13;23(20):12236. doi: 10.3390/ijms232012236

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© 2022 by the authors.

Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

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Pathways of cholesterol oxidation. Cholesterol gives rise to oxysterols via enzymatic and non-enzymatic routes. Dietary oxysterols are produced by the oxidation of cholesterol with oxygen and ROS, i.e., non-enzymatic routes. De novo synthesized oxysterols are produced by enzymes belonging to the cytochrome P450 (CYP) family. CH25: cholesterol 25-hydroxylase, EPOX: epoxycholesterol, DHCR: dehydrocholesterol reductase, HC: hydroxycholesterol, HSD: hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase, KC: ketocholesterol, Radical-Ox: radical oxidation.