| ASCL | achaete-scute complex like |
| bHLH | basic helix–loop–helix |
| DEG | differentially expressed gene |
| MT | tegmental region of the midbrain |
| PAG | periaqueductal gray |
| qPCR | quantitative PCR |
| SNP | single-nucleotide polymorphism |
| TF | transcription factor |
| TBP | TATA-binding protein |