Table 3.
Results of Multilevel Linear Models for the Social Participation Score of Rural Older Adults in China.
| Model 1 | Model 2 | Model 3 | Model 4a | Model 4b | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| b (se) | b (se) | b (se) | b (se) | b (se) | |
| Female | −0.1086 *** (0.0246) | −0.1087 *** (0.0246) | −0.1084 *** (0.0246) | −0.1086 *** (0.0246) | |
| Age | −0.0008 (0.0018) | −0.0008 (0.0018) | −0.0009 (0.0018) | −0.0008 (0.0018) | |
| Living with partner | −0.0047 (0.0265) | −0.0051 (0.0265) | −0.0055 (0.0265) | −0.0057 (0.0265) | |
| Employment | −0.0674 * (0.0266) | −0.0673 * (0.0266) | −0.0677 * (0.0266) | −0.0661 * (0.0266) | |
| Caregiving | 0.0016 * (0.0006) | 0.0016 * (0.0006) | 0.0016 * (0.0006) | 0.0016 * (0.0006) | |
| Pensioner | 0.0740 * (0.0323) | 0.0735 * (0.0323) | 0.0731 * (0.0322) | 0.0760 * (0.0323) | |
| Educational level | 0.0521 *** (0.0084) | 0.0523 *** (0.0084) | 0.0524 *** (0.0084) | 0.0522 *** (0.0084) | |
| Household income (log) | 0.0074 (0.0043) | 0.0070 (0.0043) | 0.0068 (0.0043) | 0.0070 (0.0043) | |
| Self-report health | −0.0287 * (0.0141) | −0.0281 * (0.0141) | −0.0281 * (0.0141) | −0.0278 * (0.0141) | |
| Mental health | −0.0032(0.0023) | −0.0032 ** (0.0023) | −0.0032 (0.0023) | −0.0031 (0.0023) | |
| Activities of Daily Living (ADL) | −0.0143 ** (0.0051) | −0.0144 ** (0.0051) | −0.0144 ** (0.0051) | −0.0142 ** (0.0051) | |
| Cognitive function | −0.0052 * (0.0020) | −0.0052 * (0.0020) | −0.0052 * (0.0020) | −0.0052 * (0.0020) | |
| Community physical infrastructure | 0.0543 *** (0.0118) | 0.0527 *** (0.0120) | 0.0340 * (0.0150) | 0.0542 *** (0.0119) | |
| Community organization | −0.0161 (0.0253) | −0.0193 (0.0253) | −0.0332 (0.0261) | 0.0027 (0.0277) | |
| Policy strength (Physical environment) | 0.0083 (0.0069) | 0.0028 (0.0072) | 0.0074 (0.0069) | ||
| Policy strength (Social environment) | 0.0137 (0.0149) | 0. 0154 (0.145) | 0.0352 (0.0187) | ||
| Policy strength (Physical environment) × Community physical infrastructure | 0.0057* (0.0028) | ||||
| Policy strength (Social environment) × Community organization | −0.0205 (0.0109) | ||||
| Random-effects: province | 0.0173 (0.0080) | 0.0112 (0.0058) | 0.0100 (0.0051) | 0.0091 (0.0048) | 0.0100 (0.0051) |
| Units: province | 25 | 25 | 25 | 25 | 25 |
| Chi-Square | 173.08 | 106.30 | 100.59 | 93.49 | 97.13 |
| p-value | 0.0000 | 0.0000 | 0.0000 | 0.0000 | 0.0000 |
| N | 4849 | 4849 | 4849 | 4849 | 4849 |
*** p ≤ 0.001, ** p ≤ 0.01, * p ≤ 0.05.