Table 1.

Characteristics of the evaluated experiments.

Authors	Diagnoses	Participants/Number of Affected Teeth	Mean Age	Female/ Male	Endodontic Intervention	Periodontal Intervention	Main Outcomes	Follow-Up
Dembowska et al. [7]	Periodontitis stage III. Endo-perio lesion.	12/12	47 years	5/7	Experimental group: rotary and hand instruments were implemented using the crown-down method. An Epic X Biolase diode laser was used at 940 nm twice a month for three months. Calcium hydroxide paste was applied to the canals between visits. After three months, the canals were filled with GP cones by lateral condensation. Control Group: rotary and hand instruments were applied to the canals between visits without a diode laser. After three months, the canals were filled with GP cones by lateral condensation.	Experimental group: SRP using an ultrasonic scaler and hand curettes plus laser-inactive tip. Three repetitions were performed in each pocket, with intervals of 10 s, twice a month for three months. Control group: SRP using an ultrasonic scaler.	Differences were observed in the decrease in PD between the experimental group and the control group, favoring the experimental group (1.88 ± 0.4 mm versus 0.23 ± 0.09 mm; p < 0.05). Tooth mobility in the experimental group decreased from 1 to 0 (p > 0.05). There was a greater increase in bone level in the experimental group (52.5% versus 27%; p < 0.05).	6 months
AlJasser et al. [9]	An upper anterior non-vital single-rooted tooth with true combined endo-periodontal lesions	120/120	41 years	95/53	Apical-coronal techniques were prepared with hand K-files at the established working lengths. Sizes 3, 4, or 5 reamer obturation, injection of the thermo-plasticized GP was performed twice, separately in the control group and experimental group 2. The entire root canal system was filled with MTA for experimental groups 1 and 3.	Control group: SRP Experimental group 1: SRP Experimental group 2: SRP and grafting procedure to fill the bony defect. Experimental group 3: SRP plus grafting procedure to fill the bony defect.	At three months of follow-up, significant differences in mean PD values between groups were observed. PD values of patients in GP plus bone graft (experimental group 2) presented significantly higher PD values than the other three groups (p = 0.025). GP (control group) and MTA (experimental group 1) groups showed significantly higher PD values (4.8 ± 0.89 mm and 3.8 ± 0.75 mm, respectively) compared to groups that received bone grafting (3.1 ± 0.59 mm) (experimental groups 2 and 3). The bone graft groups (experimental groups 2 and 3) improved by 1.8 ± 0.4 mm, whereas the nongrafted groups improved by 0.7 ± 0.1 mm, on average. The MTA + bone graft group (experimental group 3) presented the highest defect fill level (100%), followed by the GP + bone graft group (97%) (experimental group 2).	12 months
Yan et al. [8]	Combined periodontal-pulpal lesions. Presence of endo-perio lesions without root damage.	327/360	48 years	171/156	Experimental group: ET Control group: ET	Experimental group: periodontal basic treatment for 2 weeks after ET. Six weeks later, if there were still more than 5 mm periodontal pockets and bleeding after detection, flap treatment was performed. Control group: supragingival scaling	The mean PD in the experimental group decreased by 1.8 ± 0.05 mm compared with the control group (p < 0.05). Two years after treatment, tooth mobility in the experimental group was significantly lower than that in the control group (p < 0.05). Alveolar bone absorption 2 years after operation was not significantly different from that before surgery (p > 0.05) in the experimental group. Alveolar bone absorption 2 years after treatment was significantly reduced compared with that before treatment (p < 0.05) in the control group.	24 months
Razi et al. [1]	Primary endo and secondary perio.	140/140	18–58 years	60/80	Experimental and control groups: ET was finalized for all the teeth studied prior to the periodontal treatment.	Control group: PRF in infrabony defect Experimental group: Titanium-prepared PRF in infrabony defect	Mean PD and CAL were improved after 3 and 6 months in both groups (p > 0.05). The mean change in PD after 6 months was 2.56 mm (42.59%) in the control group and 2.51 mm (43.90%) in the experimental group (p > 0.05). The mean change in CAL after 6 months was 2.52 mm (40.82%) in the control group and 2.41 mm (42.12%) in the experimental group (p > 0.05).	6 months
Tewari et al. [10]	Concurrent endo-perio lesion with apical radiolucency, along with communication through the periodontal pocket	40/40	42 years	8/32	Experimental and control groups: ET and intracanal medicament (calcium hydroxide) were placed for 7–10 days.	SRP with an ultrasonic scaler and hand instruments and ET were simultaneously performed. Control group (immediate periodontal surgery): OFD was performed 21 days after initiation of ET and SRP. Experimental group (delayed periodontal surgery): OFD was performed 3 months after initiation of ET and SRP.	Mean PD, CAL, and tooth mobility were improved after 3 and 6 months in both groups (p > 0.05). The mean change in PD after 6 months was 3.3 ± 0.54 mm in the control group and 3.4 ± 0.52 mm in the experimental group. The mean change in CAL after 6 months was 2.7 ± 0.12 mm in the control group and 2.69 ± 0.03 mm in the experimental group.	9 months
Gupta et al. [3]	Teeth with a clinical/radiographic diagnosis of a concurrent endo-perio lesion without communication	31/37	45 years	17/14	Experimental and control groups: step-back technique. Canals were obturated with GP with the lateral condensation technique.	Control group: SRP with an ultrasonic scaler and hand instruments. ET and SRP were performed simultaneously. Experimental group: SRP was performed 3 months after completing ET.	Both groups presented a significant improvement in all clinical parameters evaluated after the completion of endodontic and periodontal treatment (p < 0.05). However, there was more improvement in periodontal parameters in the control group at the 3-month follow-up compared with the experimental group (PD 1.35 ± 0.72 mm versus 0.21 ± 0.27 mm; p < 0.05; CAL 1.36 ± 0.72 mm versus 0.14 ± 0.32 mm; p < 0.05). At 3 and 6 months after SRP (3- and 6-month follow-up in the control group, and 6- and 9-month follow- up in the experimental group), both groups presented a similar reduction in PD and gain in CAL (p > 0.05). Improvements in periodontal parameters that were reached in 6 months in the experimental group were achieved only in 3 months in the control group (p > 0.05). An improvement in the periapical index score was observed in 100% of cases in both groups (experimental group =1.39 mm versus control group = 1.37 mm; p > 0.05).	6 months
Li et al. [6]	Endo-perio combined lesions	30/30	44 years	18/12	Control and experimental groups: ET	ET and SRP were performed simultaneously. Control group: SRP Experimental group: SRP plus diode laser irradiation	Mean PD and CAL were improved after 6 months in both groups. The mean change in PD after 6 months was 0.4 ± 0.04 mm in the control group and 1.67 ± 0.19 mm in the experimental group (p < 0.05). The mean change in CAL after 6 months was 0.59 ± 0.06 mm in the control group and 0.9 ± 0.08 mm in the experimental group (p < 0,05). An improvement in the periapical index score was observed in both groups (control group = 0.27 mm versus experimental group = 0.73 mm; p > 0.05).	6 months

GP = gutta-percha; MTA = mineral trioxide aggregate; SRP = scaling and root planing; PD = probing depth; CAL = clinical attachment level; PRF = platelet-rich fibrin; OFD = open flap debridement; ET = endodontic treatment.