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. 2022 Oct 14;23(20):12286. doi: 10.3390/ijms232012286

Figure 1.

Figure 1

Increased placental efficiency after HF/HCD feeding and in GDM at the end of pregnancy. (A) Blood glucose levels after 6 h of fasting and (B) glucose tolerance test (GTT) before pregnancy (n = 3 chow, 9 HF/HCD). (C) GTT at gestational day (GD) 18 (n = 3 chow, 8 HF/HCD w/o GDM, 4 HF/HCD GDM). (D) Number of pups per dam indicated as litter size (n = 3 chow, 8 HF/HCD w/o GDM, 4 HF/HCD GDM). (E) Placental weight, (F) fetal weight and (G) placental efficiency at GD 19 (n = 27 chow, 69 HF/HCD w/o GDM, 24 HF/HCD GDM). (H) mRNA expression of placental markers for the junctional zone and the labyrinth (n = 4). (I) mRNA expression of Cd31 (endothelial cell marker) and Krt8 (trophoblast marker) in the labyrinth (n = 4). Data represent mean ± SD and were analyzed with 1-way ANOVA followed by Bonferroni post hoc test. * p < 0.05, ** p ≤ 0.01, *** p ≤ 0.001, indicating the comparison to the chow condition and # p < 0.05 the comparison between HF/HCD w/o GDM and HF/HCD GDM.