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. 2022 Oct 12;23(20):12185. doi: 10.3390/ijms232012185

Figure 1.

Figure 1

A schematic presentation of the autophagy steps. The autophagy pathway is inducted via the inhibition of mTOR, which is dissociated from ULK1. The second step of nucleation of ULK1 activates the class III PI3K, with the formation of the Beclin-1-PI3K complex. The third step includes the elongation of the phagophore and the formation of autophagosome. Two conjugations take place at that level, between ATG12 and ATG5, as well as LC3I and PE. The fourth and the fifth step include the fusion of lysosome with autophagosome, resulting in an autophagolysosome and the degradation of cargoes, respectively. This figure was created with “BioRender.com” accessed on 24 August 2022. (Agreement number OR24BL4UPR).